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Przegląd
Ten notatnik pokaże, jak korzystać z warunkowego optymalizatora gradientu z pakietu Addons.
Warunkowy Gradient
Wykazano, że ograniczanie parametrów sieci neuronowej jest korzystne w treningu ze względu na leżące u jego podstaw efekty regularyzacji. Często parametry są ograniczane przez miękką karę (która nigdy nie gwarantuje spełnienia ograniczeń) lub przez operację rzutowania (która jest kosztowna obliczeniowo). Z drugiej strony optymalizator gradientu warunkowego (CG) wymusza ograniczenia ściśle bez konieczności wykonywania kosztownego kroku projekcji. Działa poprzez zminimalizowanie liniowego przybliżenia celu w zestawie ograniczeń. W tym notatniku zademonstrujesz zastosowanie ograniczenia normy Frobenius za pomocą optymalizatora CG w zestawie danych MNIST. CG jest teraz dostępny jako interfejs API tensorflow. Więcej szczegółów optymalizator dostępne są w https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.06453.pdf
Ustawiać
pip install -q -U tensorflow-addons
import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_addons as tfa
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# Hyperparameters
batch_size=64
epochs=10
Zbuduj model
model_1 = tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, input_shape=(784,), activation='relu', name='dense_1'),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, activation='relu', name='dense_2'),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax', name='predictions'),
])
Przygotuj dane
# Load MNIST dataset as NumPy arrays
dataset = {}
num_validation = 10000
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = tf.keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()
# Preprocess the data
x_train = x_train.reshape(-1, 784).astype('float32') / 255
x_test = x_test.reshape(-1, 784).astype('float32') / 255
Zdefiniuj niestandardową funkcję oddzwaniania
def frobenius_norm(m):
"""This function is to calculate the frobenius norm of the matrix of all
layer's weight.
Args:
m: is a list of weights param for each layers.
"""
total_reduce_sum = 0
for i in range(len(m)):
total_reduce_sum = total_reduce_sum + tf.math.reduce_sum(m[i]**2)
norm = total_reduce_sum**0.5
return norm
CG_frobenius_norm_of_weight = []
CG_get_weight_norm = tf.keras.callbacks.LambdaCallback(
on_epoch_end=lambda batch, logs: CG_frobenius_norm_of_weight.append(
frobenius_norm(model_1.trainable_weights).numpy()))
Trenuj i oceniaj: używanie CG jako optymalizatora
Po prostu zastąp typowe optymalizatory Keras nowym optymalizatorem tfa
# Compile the model
model_1.compile(
optimizer=tfa.optimizers.ConditionalGradient(
learning_rate=0.99949, lambda_=203), # Utilize TFA optimizer
loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(),
metrics=['accuracy'])
history_cg = model_1.fit(
x_train,
y_train,
batch_size=batch_size,
validation_data=(x_test, y_test),
epochs=epochs,
callbacks=[CG_get_weight_norm])
Epoch 1/10 938/938 [==============================] - 4s 3ms/step - loss: 0.6034 - accuracy: 0.8162 - val_loss: 0.2282 - val_accuracy: 0.9313 Epoch 2/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 0.1968 - accuracy: 0.9411 - val_loss: 0.1865 - val_accuracy: 0.9411 Epoch 3/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 0.1502 - accuracy: 0.9552 - val_loss: 0.1356 - val_accuracy: 0.9590 Epoch 4/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 0.1349 - accuracy: 0.9598 - val_loss: 0.1084 - val_accuracy: 0.9679 Epoch 5/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 0.1261 - accuracy: 0.9609 - val_loss: 0.1162 - val_accuracy: 0.9648 Epoch 6/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 0.1119 - accuracy: 0.9662 - val_loss: 0.1277 - val_accuracy: 0.9567 Epoch 7/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 0.1096 - accuracy: 0.9671 - val_loss: 0.1009 - val_accuracy: 0.9685 Epoch 8/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 0.1045 - accuracy: 0.9687 - val_loss: 0.1015 - val_accuracy: 0.9698 Epoch 9/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 0.1011 - accuracy: 0.9688 - val_loss: 0.1180 - val_accuracy: 0.9627 Epoch 10/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 0.1029 - accuracy: 0.9689 - val_loss: 0.1590 - val_accuracy: 0.9516
Szkolenie i ocena: używanie SGD jako optymalizatora
model_2 = tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, input_shape=(784,), activation='relu', name='dense_1'),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, activation='relu', name='dense_2'),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax', name='predictions'),
])
SGD_frobenius_norm_of_weight = []
SGD_get_weight_norm = tf.keras.callbacks.LambdaCallback(
on_epoch_end=lambda batch, logs: SGD_frobenius_norm_of_weight.append(
frobenius_norm(model_2.trainable_weights).numpy()))
# Compile the model
model_2.compile(
optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.SGD(0.01), # Utilize SGD optimizer
loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(),
metrics=['accuracy'])
history_sgd = model_2.fit(
x_train,
y_train,
batch_size=batch_size,
validation_data=(x_test, y_test),
epochs=epochs,
callbacks=[SGD_get_weight_norm])
Epoch 1/10 938/938 [==============================] - 3s 3ms/step - loss: 1.4885 - accuracy: 0.5945 - val_loss: 0.4230 - val_accuracy: 0.8838 Epoch 2/10 938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.4087 - accuracy: 0.8875 - val_loss: 0.3222 - val_accuracy: 0.9073 Epoch 3/10 938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.3267 - accuracy: 0.9075 - val_loss: 0.2867 - val_accuracy: 0.9178 Epoch 4/10 938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2903 - accuracy: 0.9186 - val_loss: 0.2605 - val_accuracy: 0.9259 Epoch 5/10 938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2691 - accuracy: 0.9233 - val_loss: 0.2468 - val_accuracy: 0.9292 Epoch 6/10 938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2466 - accuracy: 0.9291 - val_loss: 0.2265 - val_accuracy: 0.9352 Epoch 7/10 938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2210 - accuracy: 0.9370 - val_loss: 0.2106 - val_accuracy: 0.9404 Epoch 8/10 938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2137 - accuracy: 0.9387 - val_loss: 0.2029 - val_accuracy: 0.9424 Epoch 9/10 938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1996 - accuracy: 0.9429 - val_loss: 0.1937 - val_accuracy: 0.9441 Epoch 10/10 938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1925 - accuracy: 0.9450 - val_loss: 0.1831 - val_accuracy: 0.9469
Norma Wag Frobeniusa: CG vs SGD
Obecna implementacja optymalizatora CG jest oparta na Frobenius Norm, z uwzględnieniem Frobenius Norm jako regulatora w funkcji docelowej. Dlatego porównujesz uregulowany efekt CG z optymalizatorem SGD, który nie narzucił regularyzatora Frobenius Norm.
plt.plot(
CG_frobenius_norm_of_weight,
color='r',
label='CG_frobenius_norm_of_weights')
plt.plot(
SGD_frobenius_norm_of_weight,
color='b',
label='SGD_frobenius_norm_of_weights')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Frobenius norm of weights')
plt.legend(loc=1)
<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x7fada7ab12e8>
Dokładność szkolenia i walidacji: CG vs SGD
plt.plot(history_cg.history['accuracy'], color='r', label='CG_train')
plt.plot(history_cg.history['val_accuracy'], color='g', label='CG_test')
plt.plot(history_sgd.history['accuracy'], color='pink', label='SGD_train')
plt.plot(history_sgd.history['val_accuracy'], color='b', label='SGD_test')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc=4)
<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x7fada7983e80>
