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Esta es una alternativa al construir su propia Federados Algoritmo de Aprendizaje tutorial y la simple_fedavg ejemplo para construir un proceso iterativo personalizado para el promedio federados algoritmo. Este tutorial se utilizará optimizadores TFF en lugar de los optimizadores Keras. La abstracción del optimizador de TFF está diseñada para estar en estado de salida para que sea más fácil de incorporar en un proceso iterativo de TFF. Los tff.learning API también aceptan optimizadores TFF como argumento de entrada.
Antes que empecemos
Antes de comenzar, ejecute lo siguiente para asegurarse de que su entorno esté configurado correctamente. Si no ve un saludo, por favor refiérase a la instalación de guía para obtener instrucciones.
!pip install --quiet --upgrade tensorflow-federated-nightly
!pip install --quiet --upgrade nest-asyncio
import nest_asyncio
nest_asyncio.apply()
import functools
import attr
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_federated as tff
Preparando datos y modelo
El procesamiento y modelo de datos EMNIST son muy similares a la simple_fedavg ejemplo.
only_digits=True
# Load dataset.
emnist_train, emnist_test = tff.simulation.datasets.emnist.load_data(only_digits)
# Define preprocessing functions.
def preprocess_fn(dataset, batch_size=16):
def batch_format_fn(element):
return (tf.expand_dims(element['pixels'], -1), element['label'])
return dataset.batch(batch_size).map(batch_format_fn)
# Preprocess and sample clients for prototyping.
train_client_ids = sorted(emnist_train.client_ids)
train_data = emnist_train.preprocess(preprocess_fn)
central_test_data = preprocess_fn(
emnist_train.create_tf_dataset_for_client(train_client_ids[0]))
# Define model.
def create_keras_model():
"""The CNN model used in https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.05629."""
data_format = 'channels_last'
input_shape = [28, 28, 1]
max_pool = functools.partial(
tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D,
pool_size=(2, 2),
padding='same',
data_format=data_format)
conv2d = functools.partial(
tf.keras.layers.Conv2D,
kernel_size=5,
padding='same',
data_format=data_format,
activation=tf.nn.relu)
model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
conv2d(filters=32, input_shape=input_shape),
max_pool(),
conv2d(filters=64),
max_pool(),
tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation=tf.nn.relu),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10 if only_digits else 62),
])
return model
# Wrap as `tff.learning.Model`.
def model_fn():
keras_model = create_keras_model()
return tff.learning.from_keras_model(
keras_model,
input_spec=central_test_data.element_spec,
loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True))
Proceso iterativo personalizado
En muchos casos, los algoritmos federados tienen 4 componentes principales:
- Un paso de transmisión de servidor a cliente.
- Un paso de actualización del cliente local.
- Un paso de carga de cliente a servidor.
- Un paso de actualización del servidor.
En TFF, que generalmente representan algoritmos federados como un tff.templates.IterativeProcess (que nos referimos como sólo una IterativeProcess largo). Esta es una clase que contiene initialize y next funciones. Aquí, initialize se utiliza para inicializar el servidor, y la next se realizará una ronda de comunicación del algoritmo federado.
Introduciremos diferentes componentes para construir el algoritmo de promediado federado (FedAvg), que utilizará un optimizador en el paso de actualización del cliente y otro optimizador en el paso de actualización del servidor. Las lógicas centrales de las actualizaciones de clientes y servidores se pueden expresar como bloques TF puros.
Bloques TF: actualización de cliente y servidor
En cada cliente, un local de client_optimizer se inicializa y se utiliza para actualizar los pesos modelo cliente. En el servidor, server_optimizer utilizará el estado de la ronda previa, y actualizar el estado para la siguiente ronda.
@tf.function
def client_update(model, dataset, server_weights, client_optimizer):
"""Performs local training on the client's dataset."""
# Initialize the client model with the current server weights.
client_weights = model.trainable_variables
# Assign the server weights to the client model.
tf.nest.map_structure(lambda x, y: x.assign(y),
client_weights, server_weights)
# Initialize the client optimizer.
trainable_tensor_specs = tf.nest.map_structure(
lambda v: tf.TensorSpec(v.shape, v.dtype), client_weights)
optimizer_state = client_optimizer.initialize(trainable_tensor_specs)
# Use the client_optimizer to update the local model.
for batch in iter(dataset):
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
# Compute a forward pass on the batch of data.
outputs = model.forward_pass(batch)
# Compute the corresponding gradient.
grads = tape.gradient(outputs.loss, client_weights)
# Apply the gradient using a client optimizer.
optimizer_state, updated_weights = client_optimizer.next(
optimizer_state, client_weights, grads)
tf.nest.map_structure(lambda a, b: a.assign(b),
client_weights, updated_weights)
# Return model deltas.
return tf.nest.map_structure(tf.subtract, client_weights, server_weights)
@attr.s(eq=False, frozen=True, slots=True)
class ServerState(object):
trainable_weights = attr.ib()
optimizer_state = attr.ib()
@tf.function
def server_update(server_state, mean_model_delta, server_optimizer):
"""Updates the server model weights."""
# Use aggregated negative model delta as pseudo gradient.
negative_weights_delta = tf.nest.map_structure(
lambda w: -1.0 * w, mean_model_delta)
new_optimizer_state, updated_weights = server_optimizer.next(
server_state.optimizer_state, server_state.trainable_weights,
negative_weights_delta)
return tff.structure.update_struct(
server_state,
trainable_weights=updated_weights,
optimizer_state=new_optimizer_state)
TFF bloques: tff.tf_computation y tff.federated_computation
Ahora usamos TFF para la orquestación y construimos el proceso iterativo para FedAvg. Tenemos que envolver los bloques TF definidos anteriormente con tff.tf_computation y métodos de uso TFF tff.federated_broadcast , tff.federated_map , tff.federated_mean en un tff.federated_computation función. Es fácil de usar tff.learning.optimizers.Optimizer API con initialize y next funciones cuando se define un proceso iterativo personalizado.
# 1. Server and client optimizer to be used.
server_optimizer = tff.learning.optimizers.build_sgdm(
learning_rate=0.05, momentum=0.9)
client_optimizer = tff.learning.optimizers.build_sgdm(
learning_rate=0.01)
# 2. Functions return initial state on server.
@tff.tf_computation
def server_init():
model = model_fn()
trainable_tensor_specs = tf.nest.map_structure(
lambda v: tf.TensorSpec(v.shape, v.dtype), model.trainable_variables)
optimizer_state = server_optimizer.initialize(trainable_tensor_specs)
return ServerState(
trainable_weights=model.trainable_variables,
optimizer_state=optimizer_state)
@tff.federated_computation
def server_init_tff():
return tff.federated_value(server_init(), tff.SERVER)
# 3. One round of computation and communication.
server_state_type = server_init.type_signature.result
print('server_state_type:\n',
server_state_type.formatted_representation())
trainable_weights_type = server_state_type.trainable_weights
print('trainable_weights_type:\n',
trainable_weights_type.formatted_representation())
# 3-1. Wrap server and client TF blocks with `tff.tf_computation`.
@tff.tf_computation(server_state_type, trainable_weights_type)
def server_update_fn(server_state, model_delta):
return server_update(server_state, model_delta, server_optimizer)
whimsy_model = model_fn()
tf_dataset_type = tff.SequenceType(whimsy_model.input_spec)
print('tf_dataset_type:\n',
tf_dataset_type.formatted_representation())
@tff.tf_computation(tf_dataset_type, trainable_weights_type)
def client_update_fn(dataset, server_weights):
model = model_fn()
return client_update(model, dataset, server_weights, client_optimizer)
# 3-2. Orchestration with `tff.federated_computation`.
federated_server_type = tff.FederatedType(server_state_type, tff.SERVER)
federated_dataset_type = tff.FederatedType(tf_dataset_type, tff.CLIENTS)
@tff.federated_computation(federated_server_type, federated_dataset_type)
def run_one_round(server_state, federated_dataset):
# Server-to-client broadcast.
server_weights_at_client = tff.federated_broadcast(
server_state.trainable_weights)
# Local client update.
model_deltas = tff.federated_map(
client_update_fn, (federated_dataset, server_weights_at_client))
# Client-to-server upload and aggregation.
mean_model_delta = tff.federated_mean(model_deltas)
# Server update.
server_state = tff.federated_map(
server_update_fn, (server_state, mean_model_delta))
return server_state
# 4. Build the iterative process for FedAvg.
fedavg_process = tff.templates.IterativeProcess(
initialize_fn=server_init_tff, next_fn=run_one_round)
print('type signature of `initialize`:\n',
fedavg_process.initialize.type_signature.formatted_representation())
print('type signature of `next`:\n',
fedavg_process.next.type_signature.formatted_representation())
server_state_type:
<
trainable_weights=<
float32[5,5,1,32],
float32[32],
float32[5,5,32,64],
float32[64],
float32[3136,512],
float32[512],
float32[512,10],
float32[10]
>,
optimizer_state=<
float32[5,5,1,32],
float32[32],
float32[5,5,32,64],
float32[64],
float32[3136,512],
float32[512],
float32[512,10],
float32[10]
>
>
trainable_weights_type:
<
float32[5,5,1,32],
float32[32],
float32[5,5,32,64],
float32[64],
float32[3136,512],
float32[512],
float32[512,10],
float32[10]
>
tf_dataset_type:
<
float32[?,28,28,1],
int32[?]
>*
type signature of `initialize`:
( -> <
trainable_weights=<
float32[5,5,1,32],
float32[32],
float32[5,5,32,64],
float32[64],
float32[3136,512],
float32[512],
float32[512,10],
float32[10]
>,
optimizer_state=<
float32[5,5,1,32],
float32[32],
float32[5,5,32,64],
float32[64],
float32[3136,512],
float32[512],
float32[512,10],
float32[10]
>
>@SERVER)
type signature of `next`:
(<
server_state=<
trainable_weights=<
float32[5,5,1,32],
float32[32],
float32[5,5,32,64],
float32[64],
float32[3136,512],
float32[512],
float32[512,10],
float32[10]
>,
optimizer_state=<
float32[5,5,1,32],
float32[32],
float32[5,5,32,64],
float32[64],
float32[3136,512],
float32[512],
float32[512,10],
float32[10]
>
>@SERVER,
federated_dataset={<
float32[?,28,28,1],
int32[?]
>*}@CLIENTS
> -> <
trainable_weights=<
float32[5,5,1,32],
float32[32],
float32[5,5,32,64],
float32[64],
float32[3136,512],
float32[512],
float32[512,10],
float32[10]
>,
optimizer_state=<
float32[5,5,1,32],
float32[32],
float32[5,5,32,64],
float32[64],
float32[3136,512],
float32[512],
float32[512,10],
float32[10]
>
>@SERVER)
Evaluar el algoritmo
Evaluamos el desempeño en un conjunto de datos de evaluación centralizado.
def evaluate(server_state):
keras_model = create_keras_model()
tf.nest.map_structure(
lambda var, t: var.assign(t),
keras_model.trainable_weights, server_state.trainable_weights)
metric = tf.keras.metrics.SparseCategoricalAccuracy()
for batch in iter(central_test_data):
preds = keras_model(batch[0], training=False)
metric.update_state(y_true=batch[1], y_pred=preds)
return metric.result().numpy()
server_state = fedavg_process.initialize()
acc = evaluate(server_state)
print('Initial test accuracy', acc)
# Evaluate after a few rounds
CLIENTS_PER_ROUND=2
sampled_clients = train_client_ids[:CLIENTS_PER_ROUND]
sampled_train_data = [
train_data.create_tf_dataset_for_client(client)
for client in sampled_clients]
for round in range(20):
server_state = fedavg_process.next(server_state, sampled_train_data)
acc = evaluate(server_state)
print('Test accuracy', acc)
Initial test accuracy 0.09677419 Test accuracy 0.13978495