Kompleksowy przykład dla czytnika BigQuery TensorFlow

Przegląd

Ten poradnik pokazuje, jak korzystać z czytnika BigQuery TensorFlow do szkolenia sieci neuronowych przy użyciu Keras sekwencyjną API.

Zbiór danych

Ten tutorial używa zestawu danych United States Census Income dostarczonego przez UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository . Ten zestaw danych zawiera informacje o osobach z bazy danych Spisu Powszechnego z 1994 r., w tym wiek, wykształcenie, stan cywilny, zawód i czy zarabiają więcej niż 50 000 USD rocznie.

Ustawiać

Skonfiguruj projekt GCP

Wymagane są następujące kroki, niezależnie od środowiska notebooka.

1. Wybierz lub utwórz projekt GCP.
2. Upewnij się, że płatności są włączone w Twoim projekcie.
3. Włącz BigQuery Storage API
4. Wpisz swój identyfikator projektu w komórce poniżej. Następnie uruchom komórkę, aby upewnić się, że pakiet Cloud SDK używa odpowiedniego projektu dla wszystkich poleceń w tym notatniku.

Uwaga: Jupyter uruchamia linie prefiksem ! jako poleceń powłoki, a interpoluje zmienne Pythona poprzedzone znakiem $ do tych poleceń.

Zainstaluj wymagane pakiety i uruchom ponownie środowisko wykonawcze

try:
  # Use the Colab's preinstalled TensorFlow 2.x
  %tensorflow_version 2.x 
except:
  pass

pip install fastavro
pip install tensorflow-io==0.9.0

pip install google-cloud-bigquery-storage

Uwierzytelniać

from google.colab import auth
auth.authenticate_user()
print('Authenticated')

Ustaw swój ID PROJEKTU

PROJECT_ID = "<YOUR PROJECT>"
! gcloud config set project $PROJECT_ID
%env GCLOUD_PROJECT=$PROJECT_ID

Importuj biblioteki Pythona, zdefiniuj stałe

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

import os
from six.moves import urllib
import tempfile

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf

from google.cloud import bigquery
from google.api_core.exceptions import GoogleAPIError

LOCATION = 'us'

# Storage directory
DATA_DIR = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), 'census_data')

# Download options.
DATA_URL = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-samples-data/ml-engine/census/data'
TRAINING_FILE = 'adult.data.csv'
EVAL_FILE = 'adult.test.csv'
TRAINING_URL = '%s/%s' % (DATA_URL, TRAINING_FILE)
EVAL_URL = '%s/%s' % (DATA_URL, EVAL_FILE)

DATASET_ID = 'census_dataset'
TRAINING_TABLE_ID = 'census_training_table'
EVAL_TABLE_ID = 'census_eval_table'

CSV_SCHEMA = [
      bigquery.SchemaField("age", "FLOAT64"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("workclass", "STRING"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("fnlwgt", "FLOAT64"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("education", "STRING"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("education_num", "FLOAT64"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("marital_status", "STRING"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("occupation", "STRING"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("relationship", "STRING"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("race", "STRING"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("gender", "STRING"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("capital_gain", "FLOAT64"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("capital_loss", "FLOAT64"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("hours_per_week", "FLOAT64"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("native_country", "STRING"),
      bigquery.SchemaField("income_bracket", "STRING"),
  ]

UNUSED_COLUMNS = ["fnlwgt", "education_num"]

Importuj dane spisu do BigQuery

Zdefiniuj metody pomocnicze do ładowania danych do BigQuery

def create_bigquery_dataset_if_necessary(dataset_id):
  # Construct a full Dataset object to send to the API.
  client = bigquery.Client(project=PROJECT_ID)
  dataset = bigquery.Dataset(bigquery.dataset.DatasetReference(PROJECT_ID, dataset_id))
  dataset.location = LOCATION

  try:
    dataset = client.create_dataset(dataset)  # API request
    return True
  except GoogleAPIError as err:
    if err.code != 409: # http_client.CONFLICT
      raise
  return False

def load_data_into_bigquery(url, table_id):
  create_bigquery_dataset_if_necessary(DATASET_ID)
  client = bigquery.Client(project=PROJECT_ID)
  dataset_ref = client.dataset(DATASET_ID)
  table_ref = dataset_ref.table(table_id)
  job_config = bigquery.LoadJobConfig()
  job_config.write_disposition = bigquery.WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE
  job_config.source_format = bigquery.SourceFormat.CSV
  job_config.schema = CSV_SCHEMA

  load_job = client.load_table_from_uri(
      url, table_ref, job_config=job_config
  )
  print("Starting job {}".format(load_job.job_id))

  load_job.result()  # Waits for table load to complete.
  print("Job finished.")

  destination_table = client.get_table(table_ref)
  print("Loaded {} rows.".format(destination_table.num_rows))

Wczytaj dane Spisu w BigQuery.

load_data_into_bigquery(TRAINING_URL, TRAINING_TABLE_ID)
load_data_into_bigquery(EVAL_URL, EVAL_TABLE_ID)

Starting job 2ceffef8-e6e4-44bb-9e86-3d97b0501187
Job finished.
Loaded 32561 rows.
Starting job bf66f1b3-2506-408b-9009-c19f4ae9f58a
Job finished.
Loaded 16278 rows.

Potwierdź, że dane zostały zaimportowane

DO ZROBIENIA: zastąp <TWÓJ PROJEKT> swoim ID_PROJEKTU

Uwaga: --use_bqstorage_api dostanie dane używając BigQueryStorage API i upewnij się, że jest uprawniony do jej użyć. Upewnij się, że jest ona włączona do projektu: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/storage/#enabling_the_api

%%bigquery --use_bqstorage_api
SELECT * FROM `<YOUR PROJECT>.census_dataset.census_training_table` LIMIT 5

Załaduj dane spisu w TensorFlow DataSet za pomocą czytnika BigQuery

Odczytuj i przekształcaj dane ze spisu z BigQuery do TensorFlow DataSet

from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tensorflow.python.framework import dtypes
from tensorflow_io.bigquery import BigQueryClient
from tensorflow_io.bigquery import BigQueryReadSession

def transform_row(row_dict):
  # Trim all string tensors
  trimmed_dict = { column:
                  (tf.strings.strip(tensor) if tensor.dtype == 'string' else tensor) 
                  for (column,tensor) in row_dict.items()
                  }
  # Extract feature column
  income_bracket = trimmed_dict.pop('income_bracket')
  # Convert feature column to 0.0/1.0
  income_bracket_float = tf.cond(tf.equal(tf.strings.strip(income_bracket), '>50K'), 
                 lambda: tf.constant(1.0), 
                 lambda: tf.constant(0.0))
  return (trimmed_dict, income_bracket_float)

def read_bigquery(table_name):
  tensorflow_io_bigquery_client = BigQueryClient()
  read_session = tensorflow_io_bigquery_client.read_session(
      "projects/" + PROJECT_ID,
      PROJECT_ID, table_name, DATASET_ID,
      list(field.name for field in CSV_SCHEMA 
           if not field.name in UNUSED_COLUMNS),
      list(dtypes.double if field.field_type == 'FLOAT64' 
           else dtypes.string for field in CSV_SCHEMA
           if not field.name in UNUSED_COLUMNS),
      requested_streams=2)

  dataset = read_session.parallel_read_rows()
  transformed_ds = dataset.map(transform_row)
  return transformed_ds

BATCH_SIZE = 32

training_ds = read_bigquery(TRAINING_TABLE_ID).shuffle(10000).batch(BATCH_SIZE)
eval_ds = read_bigquery(EVAL_TABLE_ID).batch(BATCH_SIZE)

Zdefiniuj kolumny funkcji

def get_categorical_feature_values(column):
  query = 'SELECT DISTINCT TRIM({}) FROM `{}`.{}.{}'.format(column, PROJECT_ID, DATASET_ID, TRAINING_TABLE_ID)
  client = bigquery.Client(project=PROJECT_ID)
  dataset_ref = client.dataset(DATASET_ID)
  job_config = bigquery.QueryJobConfig()
  query_job = client.query(query, job_config=job_config)
  result = query_job.to_dataframe()
  return result.values[:,0]

from tensorflow import feature_column

feature_columns = []

# numeric cols
for header in ['capital_gain', 'capital_loss', 'hours_per_week']:
  feature_columns.append(feature_column.numeric_column(header))

# categorical cols
for header in ['workclass', 'marital_status', 'occupation', 'relationship',
               'race', 'native_country', 'education']:
  categorical_feature = feature_column.categorical_column_with_vocabulary_list(
        header, get_categorical_feature_values(header))
  categorical_feature_one_hot = feature_column.indicator_column(categorical_feature)
  feature_columns.append(categorical_feature_one_hot)

# bucketized cols
age = feature_column.numeric_column('age')
age_buckets = feature_column.bucketized_column(age, boundaries=[18, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65])
feature_columns.append(age_buckets)

feature_layer = tf.keras.layers.DenseFeatures(feature_columns)

Zbuduj i trenuj model

Zbuduj model

Dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense
model = tf.keras.Sequential(
  [
    feature_layer,
      Dense(100, activation=tf.nn.relu, kernel_initializer='uniform'),
      Dense(75, activation=tf.nn.relu),
      Dense(50, activation=tf.nn.relu),
      Dense(25, activation=tf.nn.relu),
      Dense(1, activation=tf.nn.sigmoid)
  ])

# Compile Keras model
model.compile(
    loss='binary_crossentropy', 
    metrics=['accuracy'])

Model pociągu

model.fit(training_ds, epochs=5)

WARNING:tensorflow:Layer sequential is casting an input tensor from dtype float64 to the layer's dtype of float32, which is new behavior in TensorFlow 2.  The layer has dtype float32 because it's dtype defaults to floatx.

If you intended to run this layer in float32, you can safely ignore this warning. If in doubt, this warning is likely only an issue if you are porting a TensorFlow 1.X model to TensorFlow 2.

To change all layers to have dtype float64 by default, call `tf.keras.backend.set_floatx('float64')`. To change just this layer, pass dtype='float64' to the layer constructor. If you are the author of this layer, you can disable autocasting by passing autocast=False to the base Layer constructor.

WARNING:tensorflow:From /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow_core/python/feature_column/feature_column_v2.py:4276: IndicatorColumn._variable_shape (from tensorflow.python.feature_column.feature_column_v2) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
The old _FeatureColumn APIs are being deprecated. Please use the new FeatureColumn APIs instead.
WARNING:tensorflow:From /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow_core/python/feature_column/feature_column_v2.py:4331: VocabularyListCategoricalColumn._num_buckets (from tensorflow.python.feature_column.feature_column_v2) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
The old _FeatureColumn APIs are being deprecated. Please use the new FeatureColumn APIs instead.
Epoch 1/5
1018/1018 [==============================] - 17s 17ms/step - loss: 0.5985 - accuracy: 0.8105
Epoch 2/5
1018/1018 [==============================] - 10s 10ms/step - loss: 0.3670 - accuracy: 0.8324
Epoch 3/5
1018/1018 [==============================] - 11s 10ms/step - loss: 0.3487 - accuracy: 0.8393
Epoch 4/5
1018/1018 [==============================] - 11s 10ms/step - loss: 0.3398 - accuracy: 0.8435
Epoch 5/5
1018/1018 [==============================] - 11s 11ms/step - loss: 0.3377 - accuracy: 0.8455
<tensorflow.python.keras.callbacks.History at 0x7f978f5b91d0>

Oceń model

Oceń model

loss, accuracy = model.evaluate(eval_ds)
print("Accuracy", accuracy)

509/509 [==============================] - 8s 15ms/step - loss: 0.3338 - accuracy: 0.8398
Accuracy 0.8398452

Oceń kilka losowych próbek

sample_x = {
    'age' : np.array([56, 36]), 
    'workclass': np.array(['Local-gov', 'Private']), 
    'education': np.array(['Bachelors', 'Bachelors']), 
    'marital_status': np.array(['Married-civ-spouse', 'Married-civ-spouse']), 
    'occupation': np.array(['Tech-support', 'Other-service']), 
    'relationship': np.array(['Husband', 'Husband']), 
    'race': np.array(['White', 'Black']), 
    'gender': np.array(['Male', 'Male']), 
    'capital_gain': np.array([0, 7298]), 
    'capital_loss': np.array([0, 0]), 
    'hours_per_week': np.array([40, 36]), 
    'native_country': np.array(['United-States', 'United-States'])
  }

model.predict(sample_x)

array([[0.5541261],
       [0.6209938]], dtype=float32)

Zasoby

• Omówienie Google Cloud BigQuery
• Szkolenie i przewidywanie z Keras w AI Platform