使用 3D 卷积实现视频插画

View on TensorFlow.org

Run in Google Colab

View on GitHub

Download notebook

查看 TF Hub 模型

Yunpeng Li、Dominik Roblek 和 Marco Tagliasacchi。From Here to There: Video Inbetweening Using Direct 3D Convolutions，2019 年。

https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10240

最新 Hub 特性：

具有适用于 BAIR 机器人推动视频和 KTH 动作视频数据集的模型（不过，本 Colab 仅使用 BAIR）
Hub 中已提供 BAIR 数据集，但需要用户自己提供 KTH 视频。
目前仅限评估（视频生成）
批次大小和帧大小为硬编码

设置

由于 tfds.load('bair_robot_pushing_small', split='test') 将下载一个 30GB 的归档（其中还包含训练数据），因此，我们下载仅包含 190MB 测试数据的单独归档。使用的数据集已在本论文中发布，且已根据 Creative Commons BY 4.0 获得许可。

import tensorflow as tf

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import tensorflow_hub as hub
import tensorflow_datasets as tfds

from tensorflow_datasets.core import SplitGenerator
from tensorflow_datasets.video.bair_robot_pushing import BairRobotPushingSmall

import tempfile
import pathlib

TEST_DIR = pathlib.Path(tempfile.mkdtemp()) / "bair_robot_pushing_small/softmotion30_44k/test/"

2022-12-14 21:40:10.557875: W tensorflow/compiler/xla/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'libnvinfer.so.7'; dlerror: libnvinfer.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
2022-12-14 21:40:10.557984: W tensorflow/compiler/xla/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'libnvinfer_plugin.so.7'; dlerror: libnvinfer_plugin.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
2022-12-14 21:40:10.557995: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Cannot dlopen some TensorRT libraries. If you would like to use Nvidia GPU with TensorRT, please make sure the missing libraries mentioned above are installed properly.

# Download the test split to $TEST_DIR
mkdir -p $TEST_DIR
wget -nv https://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/bair_test_traj_0_to_255.tfrecords -O $TEST_DIR/traj_0_to_255.tfrecords

2022-12-14 21:40:14 URL:https://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/bair_test_traj_0_to_255.tfrecords [189852160/189852160] -> "/tmpfs/tmp/tmptueqeb40/bair_robot_pushing_small/softmotion30_44k/test/traj_0_to_255.tfrecords" [1]

# Since the dataset builder expects the train and test split to be downloaded,
# patch it so it only expects the test data to be available
builder = BairRobotPushingSmall()
test_generator = SplitGenerator(name='test', gen_kwargs={"filedir": str(TEST_DIR)})
builder._split_generators = lambda _: [test_generator]
builder.download_and_prepare()

BAIR：基于 NumPy 数组输入的演示

# @title Load some example data (BAIR).
batch_size = 16

# If unable to download the dataset automatically due to "not enough disk space", please download manually to Google Drive and
# load using tf.data.TFRecordDataset.
ds = builder.as_dataset(split="test")
test_videos = ds.batch(batch_size)
first_batch = next(iter(test_videos))
input_frames = first_batch['image_aux1'][:, ::15]
input_frames = tf.cast(input_frames, tf.float32)

# @title Visualize loaded videos start and end frames.

print('Test videos shape [batch_size, start/end frame, height, width, num_channels]: ', input_frames.shape)
sns.set_style('white')
plt.figure(figsize=(4, 2*batch_size))

for i in range(batch_size)[:4]:
  plt.subplot(batch_size, 2, 1 + 2*i)
  plt.imshow(input_frames[i, 0] / 255.0)
  plt.title('Video {}: First frame'.format(i))
  plt.axis('off')
  plt.subplot(batch_size, 2, 2 + 2*i)
  plt.imshow(input_frames[i, 1] / 255.0)
  plt.title('Video {}: Last frame'.format(i))
  plt.axis('off')

Test videos shape [batch_size, start/end frame, height, width, num_channels]:  (16, 2, 64, 64, 3)

png

加载 Hub 模块

hub_handle = 'https://tfhub.dev/google/tweening_conv3d_bair/1'
module = hub.load(hub_handle).signatures['default']

WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 3, 64) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 3, 64) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/gamma:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/gamma:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 64, 128) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 64, 128) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(128,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(128,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 3, 64) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 3, 64) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/gamma:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/gamma:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 64, 128) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 64, 128) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(128,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(128,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 3, 64) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 3, 64) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/gamma:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/gamma:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 64, 128) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 64, 128) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(128,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(128,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 3, 64) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 3, 64) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/gamma:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_0/LayerNorm/gamma:0' shape=(64,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 64, 128) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/weights:0' shape=(4, 4, 4, 64, 128) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(128,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().
WARNING:tensorflow:Unable to create a python object for variable <tf.Variable 'video_discriminator/conv_1/LayerNorm/beta:0' shape=(128,) dtype=float32_ref> because it is a reference variable. It may not be visible to training APIs. If this is a problem, consider rebuilding the SavedModel after running tf.compat.v1.enable_resource_variables().

生成并显示视频

filled_frames = module(input_frames)['default'] / 255.0

# Show sequences of generated video frames.

# Concatenate start/end frames and the generated filled frames for the new videos.
generated_videos = np.concatenate([input_frames[:, :1] / 255.0, filled_frames, input_frames[:, 1:] / 255.0], axis=1)

for video_id in range(4):
  fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10 * 2, 2))
  for frame_id in range(1, 16):
    ax = fig.add_axes([frame_id * 1 / 16., 0, (frame_id + 1) * 1 / 16., 1],
                      xmargin=0, ymargin=0)
    ax.imshow(generated_videos[video_id, frame_id])
    ax.axis('off')

png