इस पेज का अनुवाद Cloud Translation API से किया गया है.

प्रवासन उदाहरण: डिब्बाबंद अनुमानक

TensorFlow.org पर देखें

Google Colab में चलाएं

GitHub पर स्रोत देखें

नोटबुक डाउनलोड करें

डिब्बाबंद (या प्रेमाडे) अनुमानक पारंपरिक रूप से TensorFlow 1 में विभिन्न प्रकार के विशिष्ट उपयोग के मामलों के लिए मॉडल को प्रशिक्षित करने के त्वरित और आसान तरीकों के रूप में उपयोग किए जाते हैं। TensorFlow 2 केरस मॉडल के माध्यम से उनमें से कई के लिए सीधे अनुमानित विकल्प प्रदान करता है। उन डिब्बाबंद अनुमानकों के लिए जिनके पास अंतर्निहित TensorFlow 2 विकल्प नहीं हैं, आप अभी भी काफी आसानी से अपना स्वयं का प्रतिस्थापन बना सकते हैं।

यह मार्गदर्शिका प्रत्यक्ष समकक्षों और कस्टम प्रतिस्थापन के कुछ उदाहरणों के माध्यम से चलती है ताकि यह प्रदर्शित किया जा सके कि कैसे TensorFlow 1 के tf.estimator मॉडल को Keras के साथ TF2 में माइग्रेट किया जा सकता है।

अर्थात्, इस गाइड में माइग्रेट करने के उदाहरण शामिल हैं:

TensorFlow 1 में tf.estimator के LinearEstimator , Classifier या Regressor से TensorFlow 2 में Keras tf.compat.v1.keras.models.LinearModel तक
TensorFlow 1 में tf.estimator के DNNEstimator , Classifier या Regressor से लेकर TensorFlow 2 में कस्टम Keras DNN ModelKeras तक
TensorFlow 1 में tf.estimator के DNNLinearCombinedEstimator , Classifier या Regressor से TensorFlow 2 में tf.compat.v1.keras.models.WideDeepModel तक
TensorFlow 1 में tf.estimator के BoostedTreesEstimator , Classifier या Regressor से TensorFlow 2 में tf.compat.v1.keras.models.WideDeepModel तक

एक मॉडल के प्रशिक्षण के लिए एक सामान्य अग्रदूत फीचर प्रीप्रोसेसिंग है, जो tf.feature_column के साथ tf.feature_column 1 अनुमानक मॉडल के लिए किया जाता है। TensorFlow 2 में फीचर प्रीप्रोसेसिंग के बारे में अधिक जानकारी के लिए, फीचर कॉलम माइग्रेट करने पर यह गाइड देखें।

सेट अप

कुछ आवश्यक TensorFlow आयात के साथ प्रारंभ करें,

pip install tensorflow_decision_forests

import keras
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf1
import tensorflow_decision_forests as tfdf

WARNING:root:TF Parameter Server distributed training not available (this is expected for the pre-build release).

मानक टाइटैनिक डेटासेट से प्रदर्शन के लिए कुछ सरल डेटा तैयार करें,

x_train = pd.read_csv('https://storage.googleapis.com/tf-datasets/titanic/train.csv')
x_eval = pd.read_csv('https://storage.googleapis.com/tf-datasets/titanic/eval.csv')
x_train['sex'].replace(('male', 'female'), (0, 1), inplace=True)
x_eval['sex'].replace(('male', 'female'), (0, 1), inplace=True)

x_train['alone'].replace(('n', 'y'), (0, 1), inplace=True)
x_eval['alone'].replace(('n', 'y'), (0, 1), inplace=True)

x_train['class'].replace(('First', 'Second', 'Third'), (1, 2, 3), inplace=True)
x_eval['class'].replace(('First', 'Second', 'Third'), (1, 2, 3), inplace=True)

x_train.drop(['embark_town', 'deck'], axis=1, inplace=True)
x_eval.drop(['embark_town', 'deck'], axis=1, inplace=True)

y_train = x_train.pop('survived')
y_eval = x_eval.pop('survived')

# Data setup for TensorFlow 1 with `tf.estimator`
def _input_fn():
  return tf1.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((dict(x_train), y_train)).batch(32)


def _eval_input_fn():
  return tf1.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((dict(x_eval), y_eval)).batch(32)


FEATURE_NAMES = [
    'age', 'fare', 'sex', 'n_siblings_spouses', 'parch', 'class', 'alone'
]

feature_columns = []
for fn in FEATURE_NAMES:
  feat_col = tf1.feature_column.numeric_column(fn, dtype=tf.float32)
  feature_columns.append(feat_col)

और हमारे विभिन्न TensorFlow 1 अनुमानक और TensorFlow 2 Keras मॉडल के साथ उपयोग करने के लिए एक सरलीकृत नमूना अनुकूलक को त्वरित करने के लिए एक विधि बनाएं।

def create_sample_optimizer(tf_version):
  if tf_version == 'tf1':
    optimizer = lambda: tf.keras.optimizers.Ftrl(
        l1_regularization_strength=0.001,
        learning_rate=tf1.train.exponential_decay(
            learning_rate=0.1,
            global_step=tf1.train.get_global_step(),
            decay_steps=10000,
            decay_rate=0.9))
  elif tf_version == 'tf2':
    optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Ftrl(
        l1_regularization_strength=0.001,
        learning_rate=tf.keras.optimizers.schedules.ExponentialDecay(
            initial_learning_rate=0.1, decay_steps=10000, decay_rate=0.9))
  return optimizer

उदाहरण 1: LinearEstimator से माइग्रेट करना

TF1: रैखिक अनुमानक का उपयोग करना

TensorFlow 1 में, आप प्रतिगमन और वर्गीकरण समस्याओं के लिए एक आधारभूत रैखिक मॉडल बनाने के लिए tf.estimator.LinearEstimator का उपयोग कर सकते हैं।

linear_estimator = tf.estimator.LinearEstimator(
    head=tf.estimator.BinaryClassHead(),
    feature_columns=feature_columns,
    optimizer=create_sample_optimizer('tf1'))

INFO:tensorflow:Using default config.
INFO:tensorflow:Using default config.
WARNING:tensorflow:Using temporary folder as model directory: /tmp/tmpvoycvffz
WARNING:tensorflow:Using temporary folder as model directory: /tmp/tmpvoycvffz
INFO:tensorflow:Using config: {'_model_dir': '/tmp/tmpvoycvffz', '_tf_random_seed': None, '_save_summary_steps': 100, '_save_checkpoints_steps': None, '_save_checkpoints_secs': 600, '_session_config': allow_soft_placement: true
graph_options {
  rewrite_options {
    meta_optimizer_iterations: ONE
  }
}
, '_keep_checkpoint_max': 5, '_keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours': 10000, '_log_step_count_steps': 100, '_train_distribute': None, '_device_fn': None, '_protocol': None, '_eval_distribute': None, '_experimental_distribute': None, '_experimental_max_worker_delay_secs': None, '_session_creation_timeout_secs': 7200, '_checkpoint_save_graph_def': True, '_service': None, '_cluster_spec': ClusterSpec({}), '_task_type': 'worker', '_task_id': 0, '_global_id_in_cluster': 0, '_master': '', '_evaluation_master': '', '_is_chief': True, '_num_ps_replicas': 0, '_num_worker_replicas': 1}
INFO:tensorflow:Using config: {'_model_dir': '/tmp/tmpvoycvffz', '_tf_random_seed': None, '_save_summary_steps': 100, '_save_checkpoints_steps': None, '_save_checkpoints_secs': 600, '_session_config': allow_soft_placement: true
graph_options {
  rewrite_options {
    meta_optimizer_iterations: ONE
  }
}
, '_keep_checkpoint_max': 5, '_keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours': 10000, '_log_step_count_steps': 100, '_train_distribute': None, '_device_fn': None, '_protocol': None, '_eval_distribute': None, '_experimental_distribute': None, '_experimental_max_worker_delay_secs': None, '_session_creation_timeout_secs': 7200, '_checkpoint_save_graph_def': True, '_service': None, '_cluster_spec': ClusterSpec({}), '_task_type': 'worker', '_task_id': 0, '_global_id_in_cluster': 0, '_master': '', '_evaluation_master': '', '_is_chief': True, '_num_ps_replicas': 0, '_num_worker_replicas': 1}

linear_estimator.train(input_fn=_input_fn, steps=100)
linear_estimator.evaluate(input_fn=_eval_input_fn, steps=10)

WARNING:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/training_util.py:401: Variable.initialized_value (from tensorflow.python.ops.variables) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Use Variable.read_value. Variables in 2.X are initialized automatically both in eager and graph (inside tf.defun) contexts.
WARNING:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/training_util.py:401: Variable.initialized_value (from tensorflow.python.ops.variables) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Use Variable.read_value. Variables in 2.X are initialized automatically both in eager and graph (inside tf.defun) contexts.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
/tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow_estimator/python/estimator/canned/linear.py:1478: UserWarning: `layer.add_variable` is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Please use `layer.add_weight` method instead.
  getter=tf.compat.v1.get_variable)
WARNING:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/keras/optimizer_v2/ftrl.py:149: calling Constant.__init__ (from tensorflow.python.ops.init_ops) with dtype is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Call initializer instance with the dtype argument instead of passing it to the constructor
WARNING:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/keras/optimizer_v2/ftrl.py:149: calling Constant.__init__ (from tensorflow.python.ops.init_ops) with dtype is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Call initializer instance with the dtype argument instead of passing it to the constructor
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Create CheckpointSaverHook.
INFO:tensorflow:Create CheckpointSaverHook.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 0 into /tmp/tmpvoycvffz/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 0 into /tmp/tmpvoycvffz/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 0.6931472, step = 0
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 0.6931472, step = 0
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 20 into /tmp/tmpvoycvffz/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 20 into /tmp/tmpvoycvffz/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Loss for final step: 0.55268794.
INFO:tensorflow:Loss for final step: 0.55268794.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Starting evaluation at 2022-01-29T02:21:45
INFO:tensorflow:Starting evaluation at 2022-01-29T02:21:45
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Restoring parameters from /tmp/tmpvoycvffz/model.ckpt-20
INFO:tensorflow:Restoring parameters from /tmp/tmpvoycvffz/model.ckpt-20
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [1/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [1/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [2/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [2/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [3/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [3/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [4/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [4/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [5/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [5/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [6/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [6/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [7/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [7/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [8/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [8/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [9/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [9/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Inference Time : 0.50224s
INFO:tensorflow:Inference Time : 0.50224s
INFO:tensorflow:Finished evaluation at 2022-01-29-02:21:45
INFO:tensorflow:Finished evaluation at 2022-01-29-02:21:45
INFO:tensorflow:Saving dict for global step 20: accuracy = 0.70075756, accuracy_baseline = 0.625, auc = 0.75472915, auc_precision_recall = 0.65362054, average_loss = 0.5759378, global_step = 20, label/mean = 0.375, loss = 0.5704812, precision = 0.6388889, prediction/mean = 0.41331062, recall = 0.46464646
INFO:tensorflow:Saving dict for global step 20: accuracy = 0.70075756, accuracy_baseline = 0.625, auc = 0.75472915, auc_precision_recall = 0.65362054, average_loss = 0.5759378, global_step = 20, label/mean = 0.375, loss = 0.5704812, precision = 0.6388889, prediction/mean = 0.41331062, recall = 0.46464646
INFO:tensorflow:Saving 'checkpoint_path' summary for global step 20: /tmp/tmpvoycvffz/model.ckpt-20
INFO:tensorflow:Saving 'checkpoint_path' summary for global step 20: /tmp/tmpvoycvffz/model.ckpt-20
{'accuracy': 0.70075756,
 'accuracy_baseline': 0.625,
 'auc': 0.75472915,
 'auc_precision_recall': 0.65362054,
 'average_loss': 0.5759378,
 'label/mean': 0.375,
 'loss': 0.5704812,
 'precision': 0.6388889,
 'prediction/mean': 0.41331062,
 'recall': 0.46464646,
 'global_step': 20}

TF2: Keras LinearModel का उपयोग करना

TensorFlow 2 में, आप Keras tf.estimator.LinearEstimator का एक उदाहरण बना सकते हैं जो tf.compat.v1.keras.models.LinearModel का विकल्प है। tf.compat.v1.keras पथ का उपयोग यह इंगित करने के लिए किया जाता है कि संगतता के लिए पूर्व-निर्मित मॉडल मौजूद है।

linear_model = tf.compat.v1.keras.experimental.LinearModel()
linear_model.compile(loss='mse', optimizer=create_sample_optimizer('tf2'), metrics=['accuracy'])
linear_model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=10)
linear_model.evaluate(x_eval, y_eval, return_dict=True)

Epoch 1/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 2.8157 - accuracy: 0.6300
Epoch 2/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2758 - accuracy: 0.6427
Epoch 3/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2470 - accuracy: 0.6699
Epoch 4/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1954 - accuracy: 0.7177
Epoch 5/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1931 - accuracy: 0.7145
Epoch 6/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1816 - accuracy: 0.7496
Epoch 7/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1766 - accuracy: 0.7751
Epoch 8/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2198 - accuracy: 0.7560
Epoch 9/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1657 - accuracy: 0.7959
Epoch 10/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1738 - accuracy: 0.7959
9/9 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2278 - accuracy: 0.6780
{'loss': 0.22778697311878204, 'accuracy': 0.6780303120613098}

उदाहरण 2: DNNestimator से माइग्रेट करना

TF1: DNNestimator का उपयोग करना

TensorFlow 1 में, आप प्रतिगमन और वर्गीकरण समस्याओं के लिए आधारभूत DNN मॉडल बनाने के लिए tf.estimator.DNNEstimator का उपयोग कर सकते हैं।

dnn_estimator = tf.estimator.DNNEstimator(
    head=tf.estimator.BinaryClassHead(),
    feature_columns=feature_columns,
    hidden_units=[128],
    activation_fn=tf.nn.relu,
    optimizer=create_sample_optimizer('tf1'))

INFO:tensorflow:Using default config.
INFO:tensorflow:Using default config.
WARNING:tensorflow:Using temporary folder as model directory: /tmp/tmphckb8f81
WARNING:tensorflow:Using temporary folder as model directory: /tmp/tmphckb8f81
INFO:tensorflow:Using config: {'_model_dir': '/tmp/tmphckb8f81', '_tf_random_seed': None, '_save_summary_steps': 100, '_save_checkpoints_steps': None, '_save_checkpoints_secs': 600, '_session_config': allow_soft_placement: true
graph_options {
  rewrite_options {
    meta_optimizer_iterations: ONE
  }
}
, '_keep_checkpoint_max': 5, '_keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours': 10000, '_log_step_count_steps': 100, '_train_distribute': None, '_device_fn': None, '_protocol': None, '_eval_distribute': None, '_experimental_distribute': None, '_experimental_max_worker_delay_secs': None, '_session_creation_timeout_secs': 7200, '_checkpoint_save_graph_def': True, '_service': None, '_cluster_spec': ClusterSpec({}), '_task_type': 'worker', '_task_id': 0, '_global_id_in_cluster': 0, '_master': '', '_evaluation_master': '', '_is_chief': True, '_num_ps_replicas': 0, '_num_worker_replicas': 1}
INFO:tensorflow:Using config: {'_model_dir': '/tmp/tmphckb8f81', '_tf_random_seed': None, '_save_summary_steps': 100, '_save_checkpoints_steps': None, '_save_checkpoints_secs': 600, '_session_config': allow_soft_placement: true
graph_options {
  rewrite_options {
    meta_optimizer_iterations: ONE
  }
}
, '_keep_checkpoint_max': 5, '_keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours': 10000, '_log_step_count_steps': 100, '_train_distribute': None, '_device_fn': None, '_protocol': None, '_eval_distribute': None, '_experimental_distribute': None, '_experimental_max_worker_delay_secs': None, '_session_creation_timeout_secs': 7200, '_checkpoint_save_graph_def': True, '_service': None, '_cluster_spec': ClusterSpec({}), '_task_type': 'worker', '_task_id': 0, '_global_id_in_cluster': 0, '_master': '', '_evaluation_master': '', '_is_chief': True, '_num_ps_replicas': 0, '_num_worker_replicas': 1}

dnn_estimator.train(input_fn=_input_fn, steps=100)
dnn_estimator.evaluate(input_fn=_eval_input_fn, steps=10)

INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Create CheckpointSaverHook.
INFO:tensorflow:Create CheckpointSaverHook.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 0 into /tmp/tmphckb8f81/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 0 into /tmp/tmphckb8f81/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 2.1811047, step = 0
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 2.1811047, step = 0
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 20 into /tmp/tmphckb8f81/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 20 into /tmp/tmphckb8f81/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Loss for final step: 0.5881681.
INFO:tensorflow:Loss for final step: 0.5881681.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Starting evaluation at 2022-01-29T02:21:48
INFO:tensorflow:Starting evaluation at 2022-01-29T02:21:48
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Restoring parameters from /tmp/tmphckb8f81/model.ckpt-20
INFO:tensorflow:Restoring parameters from /tmp/tmphckb8f81/model.ckpt-20
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [1/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [1/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [2/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [2/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [3/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [3/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [4/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [4/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [5/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [5/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [6/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [6/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [7/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [7/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [8/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [8/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [9/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [9/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Inference Time : 0.47075s
INFO:tensorflow:Inference Time : 0.47075s
INFO:tensorflow:Finished evaluation at 2022-01-29-02:21:49
INFO:tensorflow:Finished evaluation at 2022-01-29-02:21:49
INFO:tensorflow:Saving dict for global step 20: accuracy = 0.7083333, accuracy_baseline = 0.625, auc = 0.70716256, auc_precision_recall = 0.6146256, average_loss = 0.60399944, global_step = 20, label/mean = 0.375, loss = 0.5986442, precision = 0.6486486, prediction/mean = 0.41256863, recall = 0.4848485
INFO:tensorflow:Saving dict for global step 20: accuracy = 0.7083333, accuracy_baseline = 0.625, auc = 0.70716256, auc_precision_recall = 0.6146256, average_loss = 0.60399944, global_step = 20, label/mean = 0.375, loss = 0.5986442, precision = 0.6486486, prediction/mean = 0.41256863, recall = 0.4848485
INFO:tensorflow:Saving 'checkpoint_path' summary for global step 20: /tmp/tmphckb8f81/model.ckpt-20
INFO:tensorflow:Saving 'checkpoint_path' summary for global step 20: /tmp/tmphckb8f81/model.ckpt-20
{'accuracy': 0.7083333,
 'accuracy_baseline': 0.625,
 'auc': 0.70716256,
 'auc_precision_recall': 0.6146256,
 'average_loss': 0.60399944,
 'label/mean': 0.375,
 'loss': 0.5986442,
 'precision': 0.6486486,
 'prediction/mean': 0.41256863,
 'recall': 0.4848485,
 'global_step': 20}

TF2: कस्टम DNN मॉडल बनाने के लिए Keras का उपयोग करना

TensorFlow 2 में, आप tf.estimator.DNNEstimator द्वारा उत्पन्न एक के स्थान पर एक कस्टम DNN मॉडल बना सकते हैं, उपयोगकर्ता-निर्दिष्ट अनुकूलन के समान स्तरों के साथ (उदाहरण के लिए, पिछले उदाहरण की तरह, एक चुने हुए मॉडल अनुकूलक को अनुकूलित करने की क्षमता) .

एक समान कार्यप्रवाह का उपयोग tf.estimator.experimental.RNNEstimator को Keras RNN मॉडल से बदलने के लिए किया जा सकता है। tf.keras.layers.RNN , tf.keras.layers.LSTM , और tf.keras.layers.GRU के माध्यम से कई अंतर्निहित, अनुकूलन योग्य विकल्प प्रदान करता है - अधिक विवरण के लिए यहां देखें।

dnn_model = tf.keras.models.Sequential(
    [tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
     tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)])

dnn_model.compile(loss='mse', optimizer=create_sample_optimizer('tf2'), metrics=['accuracy'])

dnn_model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=10)
dnn_model.evaluate(x_eval, y_eval, return_dict=True)

Epoch 1/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 551.2993 - accuracy: 0.5997
Epoch 2/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 16.8562 - accuracy: 0.6427
Epoch 3/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.3048 - accuracy: 0.7161
Epoch 4/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2475 - accuracy: 0.7416
Epoch 5/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2334 - accuracy: 0.7512
Epoch 6/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2200 - accuracy: 0.7416
Epoch 7/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2012 - accuracy: 0.7656
Epoch 8/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2025 - accuracy: 0.7624
Epoch 9/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2185 - accuracy: 0.7703
Epoch 10/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2046 - accuracy: 0.7687
9/9 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2227 - accuracy: 0.6856
{'loss': 0.2227054387331009, 'accuracy': 0.685606062412262}

उदाहरण 3: DNNlinearCombinedEstimator से माइग्रेट करना

TF1: DNNlinearCombinedEstimator का उपयोग करना

TensorFlow 1 में, आप tf.estimator.DNNLinearCombinedEstimator का उपयोग प्रतिगमन और वर्गीकरण समस्याओं के लिए इसके रैखिक और DNN दोनों घटकों के लिए अनुकूलन क्षमता के साथ एक आधारभूत संयुक्त मॉडल बनाने के लिए कर सकते हैं।

optimizer = create_sample_optimizer('tf1')

combined_estimator = tf.estimator.DNNLinearCombinedEstimator(
    head=tf.estimator.BinaryClassHead(),
    # Wide settings
    linear_feature_columns=feature_columns,
    linear_optimizer=optimizer,
    # Deep settings
    dnn_feature_columns=feature_columns,
    dnn_hidden_units=[128],
    dnn_optimizer=optimizer)

INFO:tensorflow:Using default config.
INFO:tensorflow:Using default config.
WARNING:tensorflow:Using temporary folder as model directory: /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq
WARNING:tensorflow:Using temporary folder as model directory: /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq
INFO:tensorflow:Using config: {'_model_dir': '/tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq', '_tf_random_seed': None, '_save_summary_steps': 100, '_save_checkpoints_steps': None, '_save_checkpoints_secs': 600, '_session_config': allow_soft_placement: true
graph_options {
  rewrite_options {
    meta_optimizer_iterations: ONE
  }
}
, '_keep_checkpoint_max': 5, '_keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours': 10000, '_log_step_count_steps': 100, '_train_distribute': None, '_device_fn': None, '_protocol': None, '_eval_distribute': None, '_experimental_distribute': None, '_experimental_max_worker_delay_secs': None, '_session_creation_timeout_secs': 7200, '_checkpoint_save_graph_def': True, '_service': None, '_cluster_spec': ClusterSpec({}), '_task_type': 'worker', '_task_id': 0, '_global_id_in_cluster': 0, '_master': '', '_evaluation_master': '', '_is_chief': True, '_num_ps_replicas': 0, '_num_worker_replicas': 1}
INFO:tensorflow:Using config: {'_model_dir': '/tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq', '_tf_random_seed': None, '_save_summary_steps': 100, '_save_checkpoints_steps': None, '_save_checkpoints_secs': 600, '_session_config': allow_soft_placement: true
graph_options {
  rewrite_options {
    meta_optimizer_iterations: ONE
  }
}
, '_keep_checkpoint_max': 5, '_keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours': 10000, '_log_step_count_steps': 100, '_train_distribute': None, '_device_fn': None, '_protocol': None, '_eval_distribute': None, '_experimental_distribute': None, '_experimental_max_worker_delay_secs': None, '_session_creation_timeout_secs': 7200, '_checkpoint_save_graph_def': True, '_service': None, '_cluster_spec': ClusterSpec({}), '_task_type': 'worker', '_task_id': 0, '_global_id_in_cluster': 0, '_master': '', '_evaluation_master': '', '_is_chief': True, '_num_ps_replicas': 0, '_num_worker_replicas': 1}

combined_estimator.train(input_fn=_input_fn, steps=100)
combined_estimator.evaluate(input_fn=_eval_input_fn, steps=10)

INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
/tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow_estimator/python/estimator/canned/linear.py:1478: UserWarning: `layer.add_variable` is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Please use `layer.add_weight` method instead.
  getter=tf.compat.v1.get_variable)
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Create CheckpointSaverHook.
INFO:tensorflow:Create CheckpointSaverHook.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 0 into /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 0 into /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 2.5475807, step = 0
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 2.5475807, step = 0
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 20 into /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 20 into /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 20...
INFO:tensorflow:Loss for final step: 0.58060575.
INFO:tensorflow:Loss for final step: 0.58060575.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Starting evaluation at 2022-01-29T02:21:53
INFO:tensorflow:Starting evaluation at 2022-01-29T02:21:53
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Restoring parameters from /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq/model.ckpt-20
INFO:tensorflow:Restoring parameters from /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq/model.ckpt-20
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [1/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [1/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [2/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [2/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [3/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [3/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [4/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [4/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [5/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [5/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [6/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [6/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [7/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [7/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [8/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [8/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [9/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Evaluation [9/10]
INFO:tensorflow:Inference Time : 0.54029s
INFO:tensorflow:Inference Time : 0.54029s
INFO:tensorflow:Finished evaluation at 2022-01-29-02:21:53
INFO:tensorflow:Finished evaluation at 2022-01-29-02:21:53
INFO:tensorflow:Saving dict for global step 20: accuracy = 0.6931818, accuracy_baseline = 0.625, auc = 0.73532283, auc_precision_recall = 0.630229, average_loss = 0.65179086, global_step = 20, label/mean = 0.375, loss = 0.63768697, precision = 0.60714287, prediction/mean = 0.4162652, recall = 0.5151515
INFO:tensorflow:Saving dict for global step 20: accuracy = 0.6931818, accuracy_baseline = 0.625, auc = 0.73532283, auc_precision_recall = 0.630229, average_loss = 0.65179086, global_step = 20, label/mean = 0.375, loss = 0.63768697, precision = 0.60714287, prediction/mean = 0.4162652, recall = 0.5151515
INFO:tensorflow:Saving 'checkpoint_path' summary for global step 20: /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq/model.ckpt-20
INFO:tensorflow:Saving 'checkpoint_path' summary for global step 20: /tmp/tmpwl5e5eaq/model.ckpt-20
{'accuracy': 0.6931818,
 'accuracy_baseline': 0.625,
 'auc': 0.73532283,
 'auc_precision_recall': 0.630229,
 'average_loss': 0.65179086,
 'label/mean': 0.375,
 'loss': 0.63768697,
 'precision': 0.60714287,
 'prediction/mean': 0.4162652,
 'recall': 0.5151515,
 'global_step': 20}

TF2: Keras WideDeepModel का उपयोग करना

TensorFlow 2 में, आप Keras tf.compat.v1.keras.models.WideDeepModel का एक उदाहरण बना सकते हैं, जो tf.estimator.DNNLinearCombinedEstimator द्वारा उत्पन्न एक के स्थान पर उपयोगकर्ता-निर्दिष्ट अनुकूलन के समान स्तरों के साथ (उदाहरण के लिए, जैसा कि पिछला उदाहरण, चुने हुए मॉडल अनुकूलक को अनुकूलित करने की क्षमता)।

यह WideDeepModel एक घटक रैखिक मॉडल और एक कस्टम LinearModel मॉडल के आधार पर बनाया गया है, दोनों की चर्चा पिछले दो उदाहरणों में की गई है। यदि वांछित हो तो बिल्ट-इन LinearModel के स्थान पर एक कस्टम लीनियर मॉडल का भी उपयोग किया जा सकता है।

यदि आप डिब्बाबंद अनुमानक के बजाय अपना स्वयं का मॉडल बनाना चाहते हैं, तो देखें कि keras.Sequential .अनुक्रमिक मॉडल कैसे बनाया जाता है । कस्टम प्रशिक्षण और अनुकूलक के बारे में अधिक जानकारी के लिए आप इस गाइड को भी देख सकते हैं।

# Create LinearModel and DNN Model as in Examples 1 and 2
optimizer = create_sample_optimizer('tf2')

linear_model = tf.compat.v1.keras.experimental.LinearModel()
linear_model.compile(loss='mse', optimizer=optimizer, metrics=['accuracy'])
linear_model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=10, verbose=0)

dnn_model = tf.keras.models.Sequential(
    [tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
     tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)])
dnn_model.compile(loss='mse', optimizer=optimizer, metrics=['accuracy'])

combined_model = tf.compat.v1.keras.experimental.WideDeepModel(linear_model,
                                                               dnn_model)
combined_model.compile(
    optimizer=[optimizer, optimizer], loss='mse', metrics=['accuracy'])
combined_model.fit([x_train, x_train], y_train, epochs=10)
combined_model.evaluate(x_eval, y_eval, return_dict=True)

Epoch 1/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 1118.0448 - accuracy: 0.6715
Epoch 2/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.5682 - accuracy: 0.7305
Epoch 3/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2719 - accuracy: 0.7671
Epoch 4/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2032 - accuracy: 0.7831
Epoch 5/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1911 - accuracy: 0.7783
Epoch 6/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1895 - accuracy: 0.7863
Epoch 7/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1882 - accuracy: 0.7863
Epoch 8/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1717 - accuracy: 0.7974
Epoch 9/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1701 - accuracy: 0.7927
Epoch 10/10
20/20 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1684 - accuracy: 0.7990
9/9 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.1930 - accuracy: 0.7424
{'loss': 0.19299836456775665, 'accuracy': 0.7424242496490479}

उदाहरण 4: BoostedTreeesEstimator . से माइग्रेट करना

TF1: BoostedTreeesestimator का उपयोग करना

TensorFlow 1 में, आप tf.estimator.BoostedTreesEstimator का उपयोग कर सकते हैं ताकि रिग्रेशन और वर्गीकरण समस्याओं के लिए निर्णय पेड़ों के एक समूह का उपयोग करके बेसलाइन ग्रेडियंट बूस्टिंग मॉडल बनाने के लिए आधार रेखा तैयार की जा सके। यह कार्यक्षमता अब TensorFlow 2 में शामिल नहीं है।

bt_estimator = tf1.estimator.BoostedTreesEstimator(
    head=tf.estimator.BinaryClassHead(),
    n_batches_per_layer=1,
    max_depth=10,
    n_trees=1000,
    feature_columns=feature_columns)

bt_estimator.train(input_fn=_input_fn, steps=1000)
bt_estimator.evaluate(input_fn=_eval_input_fn, steps=100)

TF2: TensorFlow निर्णय वनों का उपयोग करना

TensorFlow 2 में, tf.estimator.BoostedTreesEstimator द्वारा उत्पन्न मॉडल के लिए निकटतम पूर्व-पैक विकल्प tf.estimator.BoostedTreesEstimator का उपयोग करके बनाया tfdf.keras.GradientBoostedTreesModel है, जो उथले निर्णय पेड़ों का क्रमिक रूप से प्रशिक्षित अनुक्रम बनाता है, प्रत्येक को त्रुटियों से "सीखने" के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है। अनुक्रम में अपने पूर्ववर्तियों द्वारा बनाया गया।

GradientBoostedTreesModel अनुकूलन के लिए अधिक विकल्प प्रदान करता है, जिससे बुनियादी गहराई की बाधाओं से लेकर शुरुआती रोक स्थितियों तक हर चीज के विनिर्देशन की अनुमति मिलती है। अधिक GradientBoostedTreesModel विशेषता विवरण के लिए यहां देखें।

gbt_model = tfdf.keras.GradientBoostedTreesModel(
    task=tfdf.keras.Task.CLASSIFICATION)
gbt_model.compile(metrics=['mse', 'accuracy'])

Use /tmp/tmpbr1acn2_ as temporary training directory

train_df, eval_df = x_train.copy(), x_eval.copy()
train_df['survived'], eval_df['survived'] = y_train, y_eval

train_dataset = tfdf.keras.pd_dataframe_to_tf_dataset(train_df, label='survived')
eval_dataset = tfdf.keras.pd_dataframe_to_tf_dataset(eval_df, label='survived')

gbt_model.fit(train_dataset)
gbt_model.evaluate(eval_dataset, return_dict=True)

Starting reading the dataset
/tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow_decision_forests/keras/core.py:2036: FutureWarning: In a future version of pandas all arguments of DataFrame.drop except for the argument 'labels' will be keyword-only
  features_dataframe = dataframe.drop(label, 1)
1/1 [==============================] - ETA: 0s
Dataset read in 0:00:03.161776
Training model
Model trained in 0:00:00.102649
Compiling model
1/1 [==============================] - 3s 3s/step
[INFO kernel.cc:1153] Loading model from path
[INFO abstract_model.cc:1063] Engine "GradientBoostedTreesQuickScorerExtended" built
[INFO kernel.cc:1001] Use fast generic engine
WARNING:tensorflow:AutoGraph could not transform <function simple_ml_inference_op_with_handle at 0x7f95e9db4e60> and will run it as-is.
Please report this to the TensorFlow team. When filing the bug, set the verbosity to 10 (on Linux, `export AUTOGRAPH_VERBOSITY=10`) and attach the full output.
Cause: could not get source code
To silence this warning, decorate the function with @tf.autograph.experimental.do_not_convert
WARNING:tensorflow:AutoGraph could not transform <function simple_ml_inference_op_with_handle at 0x7f95e9db4e60> and will run it as-is.
Please report this to the TensorFlow team. When filing the bug, set the verbosity to 10 (on Linux, `export AUTOGRAPH_VERBOSITY=10`) and attach the full output.
Cause: could not get source code
To silence this warning, decorate the function with @tf.autograph.experimental.do_not_convert
WARNING: AutoGraph could not transform <function simple_ml_inference_op_with_handle at 0x7f95e9db4e60> and will run it as-is.
Please report this to the TensorFlow team. When filing the bug, set the verbosity to 10 (on Linux, `export AUTOGRAPH_VERBOSITY=10`) and attach the full output.
Cause: could not get source code
To silence this warning, decorate the function with @tf.autograph.experimental.do_not_convert
1/1 [==============================] - 0s 388ms/step - loss: 0.0000e+00 - mse: 0.1308 - accuracy: 0.8144
{'loss': 0.0, 'mse': 0.13076548278331757, 'accuracy': 0.814393937587738}

TensorFlow 2 में, tf.estimator.BoostedTreesEstimator - tfdf.keras.RandomForestModel द्वारा उत्पन्न मॉडल के लिए एक अन्य उपलब्ध TFDF विकल्प भी है। RandomForestModel एक मजबूत, ओवरफिटिंग-प्रतिरोधी शिक्षार्थी बनाता है जिसमें गहन निर्णय पेड़ों की मतदान आबादी होती है, प्रत्येक इनपुट प्रशिक्षण डेटासेट के यादृच्छिक सबसेट पर प्रशिक्षित होता है।

RandomForestModel और GradientBoostedTreesModel अनुकूलन के समान व्यापक स्तर प्रदान करते हैं। उनके बीच चयन समस्या-विशिष्ट है और आपके कार्य या आवेदन पर निर्भर है।

RandomForestModel और GradientBoostedTreesModel विशेषता के बारे में अधिक जानकारी के लिए API दस्तावेज़ देखें।

rf_model = tfdf.keras.RandomForestModel(
    task=tfdf.keras.Task.CLASSIFICATION)
rf_model.compile(metrics=['mse', 'accuracy'])

Use /tmp/tmpluh2ebcj as temporary training directory

rf_model.fit(train_dataset)
rf_model.evaluate(eval_dataset, return_dict=True)

Starting reading the dataset
1/1 [==============================] - ETA: 0s
Dataset read in 0:00:00.094262
Training model
Model trained in 0:00:00.083656
Compiling model
1/1 [==============================] - 0s 260ms/step
[INFO kernel.cc:1153] Loading model from path
[INFO kernel.cc:1001] Use fast generic engine
1/1 [==============================] - 0s 123ms/step - loss: 0.0000e+00 - mse: 0.1270 - accuracy: 0.8636
{'loss': 0.0, 'mse': 0.12698587775230408, 'accuracy': 0.8636363744735718}