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Migrate LoggingTensorHook and StopAtStepHook to Keras callbacks

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In TensorFlow 1, you use tf.estimator.LoggingTensorHook to monitor and log tensors, while tf.estimator.StopAtStepHook helps stop training at a specified step when training with tf.estimator.Estimator. This notebook demonstrates how to migrate from these APIs to their equivalents in TensorFlow 2 using custom Keras callbacks (tf.keras.callbacks.Callback) with Model.fit.

Keras callbacks are objects that are called at different points during training/evaluation/prediction in the built-in Keras Model.fit/Model.evaluate/Model.predict APIs. You can learn more about callbacks in the tf.keras.callbacks.Callback API docs, as well as the Writing your own callbacks and Training and evaluation with the built-in methods (the Using callbacks section) guides. For migrating from SessionRunHook in TensorFlow 1 to Keras callbacks in TensorFlow 2, check out the Migrate training with assisted logic guide.

Setup

Start with imports and a simple dataset for demonstration purposes:

import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf1

features = [[1., 1.5], [2., 2.5], [3., 3.5]]
labels = [[0.3], [0.5], [0.7]]

# Define an input function.
def _input_fn():
  return tf1.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((features, labels)).batch(1)

TensorFlow 1: Log tensors and stop training with tf.estimator APIs

In TensorFlow 1, you define various hooks to control the training behavior. Then, you pass these hooks to tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec.

In the example below:

def _model_fn(features, labels, mode):
  dense = tf1.layers.Dense(1)
  logits = dense(features)
  loss = tf1.losses.mean_squared_error(labels=labels, predictions=logits)
  optimizer = tf1.train.AdagradOptimizer(0.05)
  train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss, global_step=tf1.train.get_global_step())

  # Define the stop hook.
  stop_hook = tf1.train.StopAtStepHook(num_steps=2)

  # Access tensors to be logged by names.
  kernel_name = tf.identity(dense.weights[0])
  bias_name = tf.identity(dense.weights[1])
  logging_weight_hook = tf1.train.LoggingTensorHook(
      tensors=[kernel_name, bias_name],
      every_n_iter=1)
  # Log the training loss by the tensor object.
  logging_loss_hook = tf1.train.LoggingTensorHook(
      {'loss from LoggingTensorHook': loss},
      every_n_secs=3)

  # Pass all hooks to `EstimatorSpec`.
  return tf1.estimator.EstimatorSpec(mode,
                                     loss=loss,
                                     train_op=train_op,
                                     training_hooks=[stop_hook,
                                                     logging_weight_hook,
                                                     logging_loss_hook])

estimator = tf1.estimator.Estimator(model_fn=_model_fn)

# Begin training.
# The training will stop after 2 steps, and the weights/loss will also be logged.
estimator.train(_input_fn)

INFO:tensorflow:Using default config.
WARNING:tensorflow:Using temporary folder as model directory: /tmp/tmp3q__3yt7
INFO:tensorflow:Using config: {'_model_dir': '/tmp/tmp3q__3yt7', '_tf_random_seed': None, '_save_summary_steps': 100, '_save_checkpoints_steps': None, '_save_checkpoints_secs': 600, '_session_config': allow_soft_placement: true
graph_options {
  rewrite_options {
    meta_optimizer_iterations: ONE
  }
}
, '_keep_checkpoint_max': 5, '_keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours': 10000, '_log_step_count_steps': 100, '_train_distribute': None, '_device_fn': None, '_protocol': None, '_eval_distribute': None, '_experimental_distribute': None, '_experimental_max_worker_delay_secs': None, '_session_creation_timeout_secs': 7200, '_checkpoint_save_graph_def': True, '_service': None, '_cluster_spec': ClusterSpec({}), '_task_type': 'worker', '_task_id': 0, '_global_id_in_cluster': 0, '_master': '', '_evaluation_master': '', '_is_chief': True, '_num_ps_replicas': 0, '_num_worker_replicas': 1}
WARNING:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/training_util.py:236: Variable.initialized_value (from tensorflow.python.ops.variables) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Use Variable.read_value. Variables in 2.X are initialized automatically both in eager and graph (inside tf.defun) contexts.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
WARNING:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/adagrad.py:77: calling Constant.__init__ (from tensorflow.python.ops.init_ops) with dtype is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Call initializer instance with the dtype argument instead of passing it to the constructor
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Create CheckpointSaverHook.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 0 into /tmp/tmp3q__3yt7/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 0.025395721, step = 0
INFO:tensorflow:Tensor("Identity:0", shape=(2, 1), dtype=float32) = [[-1.0769143]
 [ 1.0241832]], Tensor("Identity_1:0", shape=(1,), dtype=float32) = [0.]
INFO:tensorflow:loss from LoggingTensorHook = 0.025395721
INFO:tensorflow:Tensor("Identity:0", shape=(2, 1), dtype=float32) = [[-1.1124082]
 [ 0.9824805]], Tensor("Identity_1:0", shape=(1,), dtype=float32) = [-0.03549388] (0.026 sec)
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 2...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 2 into /tmp/tmp3q__3yt7/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 2...
INFO:tensorflow:Loss for final step: 0.09248222.
<tensorflow_estimator.python.estimator.estimator.Estimator at 0x7f05ec414d10>

TensorFlow 2: Log tensors and stop training with custom callbacks and Model.fit

In TensorFlow 2, when you use the built-in Keras Model.fit (or Model.evaluate) for training/evaluation, you can configure tensor monitoring and training stopping by defining custom Keras tf.keras.callbacks.Callbacks. Then, you pass them to the callbacks parameter of Model.fit (or Model.evaluate). (Learn more in the Writing your own callbacks guide.)

In the example below:

  • To recreate the functionalities of StopAtStepHook, define a custom callback (named StopAtStepCallback below) where you override the on_batch_end method to stop training after a certain number of steps.
  • To recreate the LoggingTensorHook behavior, define a custom callback (LoggingTensorCallback) where you record and output the logged tensors manually, since accessing to tensors by names is not supported. You can also implement the logging frequency inside the custom callback. The example below will print the weights every two steps. Other strategies like logging every N seconds are also possible.
class StopAtStepCallback(tf.keras.callbacks.Callback):
  def __init__(self, stop_step=None):
    super().__init__()
    self._stop_step = stop_step

  def on_batch_end(self, batch, logs=None):
    if self.model.optimizer.iterations >= self._stop_step:
      self.model.stop_training = True
      print('\nstop training now')

class LoggingTensorCallback(tf.keras.callbacks.Callback):
  def __init__(self, every_n_iter):
      super().__init__()
      self._every_n_iter = every_n_iter
      self._log_count = every_n_iter

  def on_batch_end(self, batch, logs=None):
    if self._log_count > 0:
      self._log_count -= 1
      print("Logging Tensor Callback: dense/kernel:",
            model.layers[0].weights[0])
      print("Logging Tensor Callback: dense/bias:",
            model.layers[0].weights[1])
      print("Logging Tensor Callback loss:", logs["loss"])
    else:
      self._log_count -= self._every_n_iter

When finished, pass the new callbacks—StopAtStepCallback and LoggingTensorCallback—to the callbacks parameter of Model.fit:

dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((features, labels)).batch(1)
model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)])
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adagrad(learning_rate=0.05)
model.compile(optimizer, "mse")

# Begin training.
# The training will stop after 2 steps, and the weights/loss will also be logged.
model.fit(dataset, callbacks=[StopAtStepCallback(stop_step=2),
                              LoggingTensorCallback(every_n_iter=2)])

1/3 [=========>....................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 3.2473Logging Tensor Callback: dense/kernel: <tf.Variable 'dense/kernel:0' shape=(2, 1) dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[-0.27049014],
       [-0.73790836]], dtype=float32)>
Logging Tensor Callback: dense/bias: <tf.Variable 'dense/bias:0' shape=(1,) dtype=float32, numpy=array([0.04980864], dtype=float32)>
Logging Tensor Callback loss: 3.2473244667053223

stop training now
Logging Tensor Callback: dense/kernel: <tf.Variable 'dense/kernel:0' shape=(2, 1) dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[-0.22285421],
       [-0.6911988 ]], dtype=float32)>
Logging Tensor Callback: dense/bias: <tf.Variable 'dense/bias:0' shape=(1,) dtype=float32, numpy=array([0.09196297], dtype=float32)>
Logging Tensor Callback loss: 5.644947052001953
3/3 [==============================] - 0s 4ms/step - loss: 5.6449
<keras.callbacks.History at 0x7f053022be90>

Next steps

Learn more about callbacks in:

You may also find the following migration-related resources useful: