Panduan memulai TensorFlow 2 untuk para ahli

Ini adalah file buku catatan Google Colaboratory . Program Python dijalankan langsung di browser—cara yang bagus untuk mempelajari dan menggunakan TensorFlow. Untuk mengikuti tutorial ini, jalankan notebook di Google Colab dengan mengklik tombol di bagian atas halaman ini.

1. Di Colab, sambungkan ke runtime Python: Di kanan atas bilah menu, pilih CONNECT .
2. Jalankan semua sel kode buku catatan: Pilih Waktu Proses > Jalankan semua .

Unduh dan instal TensorFlow 2. Impor TensorFlow ke dalam program Anda:

Catatan: Tingkatkan pip untuk menginstal paket TensorFlow 2. Lihat panduan penginstalan untuk detailnya.

Impor TensorFlow ke dalam program Anda:

import tensorflow as tf
print("TensorFlow version:", tf.__version__)

from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense, Flatten, Conv2D
from tensorflow.keras import Model

TensorFlow version: 2.8.0-rc1

Muat dan siapkan kumpulan data MNIST .

mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist

(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0

# Add a channels dimension
x_train = x_train[..., tf.newaxis].astype("float32")
x_test = x_test[..., tf.newaxis].astype("float32")

Gunakan tf.data untuk mengelompokkan dan mengacak kumpulan data:

train_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(
    (x_train, y_train)).shuffle(10000).batch(32)

test_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_test, y_test)).batch(32)

Bangun model tf.keras menggunakan API subkelas model Keras :

class MyModel(Model):
  def __init__(self):
    super(MyModel, self).__init__()
    self.conv1 = Conv2D(32, 3, activation='relu')
    self.flatten = Flatten()
    self.d1 = Dense(128, activation='relu')
    self.d2 = Dense(10)

  def call(self, x):
    x = self.conv1(x)
    x = self.flatten(x)
    x = self.d1(x)
    return self.d2(x)

# Create an instance of the model
model = MyModel()

Pilih fungsi pengoptimal dan kehilangan untuk pelatihan:

loss_object = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True)

optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam()

Pilih metrik untuk mengukur kerugian dan keakuratan model. Metrik ini mengumpulkan nilai selama periode dan kemudian mencetak hasil keseluruhan.

train_loss = tf.keras.metrics.Mean(name='train_loss')
train_accuracy = tf.keras.metrics.SparseCategoricalAccuracy(name='train_accuracy')

test_loss = tf.keras.metrics.Mean(name='test_loss')
test_accuracy = tf.keras.metrics.SparseCategoricalAccuracy(name='test_accuracy')

Gunakan tf.GradientTape untuk melatih model:

@tf.function
def train_step(images, labels):
  with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
    # training=True is only needed if there are layers with different
    # behavior during training versus inference (e.g. Dropout).
    predictions = model(images, training=True)
    loss = loss_object(labels, predictions)
  gradients = tape.gradient(loss, model.trainable_variables)
  optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, model.trainable_variables))

  train_loss(loss)
  train_accuracy(labels, predictions)

Uji modelnya:

@tf.function
def test_step(images, labels):
  # training=False is only needed if there are layers with different
  # behavior during training versus inference (e.g. Dropout).
  predictions = model(images, training=False)
  t_loss = loss_object(labels, predictions)

  test_loss(t_loss)
  test_accuracy(labels, predictions)

EPOCHS = 5

for epoch in range(EPOCHS):
  # Reset the metrics at the start of the next epoch
  train_loss.reset_states()
  train_accuracy.reset_states()
  test_loss.reset_states()
  test_accuracy.reset_states()

  for images, labels in train_ds:
    train_step(images, labels)

  for test_images, test_labels in test_ds:
    test_step(test_images, test_labels)

  print(
    f'Epoch {epoch + 1}, '
    f'Loss: {train_loss.result()}, '
    f'Accuracy: {train_accuracy.result() * 100}, '
    f'Test Loss: {test_loss.result()}, '
    f'Test Accuracy: {test_accuracy.result() * 100}'
  )

Epoch 1, Loss: 0.13306719064712524, Accuracy: 96.03833770751953, Test Loss: 0.0717063844203949, Test Accuracy: 97.68999481201172
Epoch 2, Loss: 0.04493752866983414, Accuracy: 98.61833190917969, Test Loss: 0.058997876942157745, Test Accuracy: 98.18000030517578
Epoch 3, Loss: 0.023821160197257996, Accuracy: 99.22000122070312, Test Loss: 0.0560370571911335, Test Accuracy: 98.30999755859375
Epoch 4, Loss: 0.014193248935043812, Accuracy: 99.50666809082031, Test Loss: 0.06797954440116882, Test Accuracy: 98.29999542236328
Epoch 5, Loss: 0.010457769967615604, Accuracy: 99.63666534423828, Test Loss: 0.08524733036756516, Test Accuracy: 97.83999633789062

Pengklasifikasi gambar sekarang dilatih untuk akurasi ~98% pada dataset ini. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut, baca tutorial TensorFlow .