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В этом руководстве показано, как генерировать внедрения из модуля TensorFlow Hub (TF-Hub) с учетом входных данных и строить приблизительный индекс ближайших соседей (ANN) с использованием извлеченных внедрений. Затем индекс можно использовать для сопоставления и поиска по сходству в реальном времени.
При работе с большим массивом данных неэффективно выполнять точное сопоставление путем сканирования всего репозитория, чтобы найти элементы, наиболее похожие на заданный запрос, в режиме реального времени. Таким образом, мы используем приблизительный алгоритм сопоставления по сходству, который позволяет нам пожертвовать некоторой точностью при поиске точных совпадений ближайших соседей для значительного увеличения скорости.
В этом уроке мы покажем пример текстового поиска в реальном времени по корпусу заголовков новостей, чтобы найти заголовки, наиболее похожие на запрос. В отличие от поиска по ключевым словам, здесь фиксируется семантическое сходство, закодированное при внедрении текста.
Шаги этого руководства:
- Загрузите образец данных.
- Сгенерируйте вложения для данных с помощью модуля TF-Hub.
- Создайте индекс ИНС для вложений
- Используйте индекс для сопоставления сходства
Мы используем Apache Beam с преобразованием TensorFlow (TF-Transform) для создания вложений из модуля TF-Hub. Мы также используем библиотеку ANNOY Spotify для построения приблизительного индекса ближайших соседей. Вы можете найти бенчмаркинг фреймворка ANN в этом репозитории Github .
В этом руководстве используется TensorFlow 1.0 и работает только с модулями TF1 Hub от TF-Hub. См. обновленную версию этого руководства для TF2 .
Настраивать
Установите необходимые библиотеки.
pip install -q apache_beampip install -q sklearnpip install -q annoy
Импортируйте необходимые библиотеки
import os
import sys
import pathlib
import pickle
from collections import namedtuple
from datetime import datetime
import numpy as np
import apache_beam as beam
import annoy
from sklearn.random_projection import gaussian_random_matrix
import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf
import tensorflow_hub as hub
# TFT needs to be installed afterwards
!pip install -q tensorflow_transform==0.24
import tensorflow_transform as tft
import tensorflow_transform.beam as tft_beam
print('TF version: {}'.format(tf.__version__))
print('TF-Hub version: {}'.format(hub.__version__))
print('TF-Transform version: {}'.format(tft.__version__))
print('Apache Beam version: {}'.format(beam.__version__))
TF version: 2.3.1 TF-Hub version: 0.10.0 TF-Transform version: 0.24.0 Apache Beam version: 2.25.0
1. Загрузите образцы данных
Набор данных Million News Headlines содержит заголовки новостей, опубликованные за период 15 лет и полученные от авторитетной Австралийской радиовещательной корпорации (ABC). Этот набор новостных данных содержит обобщенный исторический отчет о примечательных событиях в мире с начала 2003 года до конца 2017 года с более детальным акцентом на Австралию.
Формат : данные в двух столбцах, разделенных табуляцией: 1) дата публикации и 2) текст заголовка. Нас интересует только текст заголовка.
wget 'https://dataverse.harvard.edu/api/access/datafile/3450625?format=tab&gbrecs=true' -O raw.tsvwc -l raw.tsvhead raw.tsv
--2020-12-03 12:12:21-- https://dataverse.harvard.edu/api/access/datafile/3450625?format=tab&gbrecs=true Resolving dataverse.harvard.edu (dataverse.harvard.edu)... 206.191.184.198 Connecting to dataverse.harvard.edu (dataverse.harvard.edu)|206.191.184.198|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 57600231 (55M) [text/tab-separated-values] Saving to: ‘raw.tsv’ raw.tsv 100%[===================>] 54.93M 15.1MB/s in 4.3s 2020-12-03 12:12:27 (12.7 MB/s) - ‘raw.tsv’ saved [57600231/57600231] 1103664 raw.tsv publish_date headline_text 20030219 "aba decides against community broadcasting licence" 20030219 "act fire witnesses must be aware of defamation" 20030219 "a g calls for infrastructure protection summit" 20030219 "air nz staff in aust strike for pay rise" 20030219 "air nz strike to affect australian travellers" 20030219 "ambitious olsson wins triple jump" 20030219 "antic delighted with record breaking barca" 20030219 "aussie qualifier stosur wastes four memphis match" 20030219 "aust addresses un security council over iraq"
Для простоты мы оставляем только текст заголовка и удаляем дату публикации.
!rm -r corpus
!mkdir corpus
with open('corpus/text.txt', 'w') as out_file:
with open('raw.tsv', 'r') as in_file:
for line in in_file:
headline = line.split('\t')[1].strip().strip('"')
out_file.write(headline+"\n")
rm: cannot remove 'corpus': No such file or directory
tail corpus/text.txtsevere storms forecast for nye in south east queensland snake catcher pleads for people not to kill reptiles south australia prepares for party to welcome new year strikers cool off the heat with big win in adelaide stunning images from the sydney to hobart yacht the ashes smiths warners near miss liven up boxing day test timelapse: brisbanes new year fireworks what 2017 meant to the kids of australia what the papodopoulos meeting may mean for ausus who is george papadopoulos the former trump campaign aide
Вспомогательная функция для загрузки модуля TF-Hub
def load_module(module_url):
embed_module = hub.Module(module_url)
placeholder = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.string)
embed = embed_module(placeholder)
session = tf.Session()
session.run([tf.global_variables_initializer(), tf.tables_initializer()])
print('TF-Hub module is loaded.')
def _embeddings_fn(sentences):
computed_embeddings = session.run(
embed, feed_dict={placeholder: sentences})
return computed_embeddings
return _embeddings_fn
2. Создайте внедрения для данных.
В этом уроке мы используем универсальный кодировщик предложений для создания встраивания для данных заголовка. Затем встраивания предложений можно легко использовать для вычисления сходства значений на уровне предложений. Мы запускаем процесс генерации встраивания с использованием Apache Beam и TF-Transform.
Метод извлечения встраивания
encoder = None
def embed_text(text, module_url, random_projection_matrix):
# Beam will run this function in different processes that need to
# import hub and load embed_fn (if not previously loaded)
global encoder
if not encoder:
encoder = hub.Module(module_url)
embedding = encoder(text)
if random_projection_matrix is not None:
# Perform random projection for the embedding
embedding = tf.matmul(
embedding, tf.cast(random_projection_matrix, embedding.dtype))
return embedding
Создайте метод TFT preprocess_fn
def make_preprocess_fn(module_url, random_projection_matrix=None):
'''Makes a tft preprocess_fn'''
def _preprocess_fn(input_features):
'''tft preprocess_fn'''
text = input_features['text']
# Generate the embedding for the input text
embedding = embed_text(text, module_url, random_projection_matrix)
output_features = {
'text': text,
'embedding': embedding
}
return output_features
return _preprocess_fn
Создание метаданных набора данных
def create_metadata():
'''Creates metadata for the raw data'''
from tensorflow_transform.tf_metadata import dataset_metadata
from tensorflow_transform.tf_metadata import schema_utils
feature_spec = {'text': tf.FixedLenFeature([], dtype=tf.string)}
schema = schema_utils.schema_from_feature_spec(feature_spec)
metadata = dataset_metadata.DatasetMetadata(schema)
return metadata
Балочный трубопровод
def run_hub2emb(args):
'''Runs the embedding generation pipeline'''
options = beam.options.pipeline_options.PipelineOptions(**args)
args = namedtuple("options", args.keys())(*args.values())
raw_metadata = create_metadata()
converter = tft.coders.CsvCoder(
column_names=['text'], schema=raw_metadata.schema)
with beam.Pipeline(args.runner, options=options) as pipeline:
with tft_beam.Context(args.temporary_dir):
# Read the sentences from the input file
sentences = (
pipeline
| 'Read sentences from files' >> beam.io.ReadFromText(
file_pattern=args.data_dir)
| 'Convert to dictionary' >> beam.Map(converter.decode)
)
sentences_dataset = (sentences, raw_metadata)
preprocess_fn = make_preprocess_fn(args.module_url, args.random_projection_matrix)
# Generate the embeddings for the sentence using the TF-Hub module
embeddings_dataset, _ = (
sentences_dataset
| 'Extract embeddings' >> tft_beam.AnalyzeAndTransformDataset(preprocess_fn)
)
embeddings, transformed_metadata = embeddings_dataset
# Write the embeddings to TFRecords files
embeddings | 'Write embeddings to TFRecords' >> beam.io.tfrecordio.WriteToTFRecord(
file_path_prefix='{}/emb'.format(args.output_dir),
file_name_suffix='.tfrecords',
coder=tft.coders.ExampleProtoCoder(transformed_metadata.schema))
Генерация случайной матрицы весов проекций
Случайная проекция — это простой, но мощный метод, используемый для уменьшения размерности набора точек, лежащих в евклидовом пространстве. Теоретические основы см. в лемме Джонсона-Линденштрауса .
Уменьшение размерности вложений со случайной проекцией означает меньше времени, необходимого для построения и запроса индекса ИНС.
В этом уроке мы используем случайную гауссову проекцию из библиотеки Scikit-learn .
def generate_random_projection_weights(original_dim, projected_dim):
random_projection_matrix = None
if projected_dim and original_dim > projected_dim:
random_projection_matrix = gaussian_random_matrix(
n_components=projected_dim, n_features=original_dim).T
print("A Gaussian random weight matrix was creates with shape of {}".format(random_projection_matrix.shape))
print('Storing random projection matrix to disk...')
with open('random_projection_matrix', 'wb') as handle:
pickle.dump(random_projection_matrix,
handle, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
return random_projection_matrix
Установить параметры
Если вы хотите построить индекс, используя исходное пространство внедрения без случайной проекции, установите для параметра projected_dim значение None . Обратите внимание, что это замедлит этап индексации для многомерных вложений.
module_url = 'https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder/2'
projected_dim = 64
Запустить конвейер
import tempfile
output_dir = pathlib.Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
temporary_dir = pathlib.Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
g = tf.Graph()
with g.as_default():
original_dim = load_module(module_url)(['']).shape[1]
random_projection_matrix = None
if projected_dim:
random_projection_matrix = generate_random_projection_weights(
original_dim, projected_dim)
args = {
'job_name': 'hub2emb-{}'.format(datetime.utcnow().strftime('%y%m%d-%H%M%S')),
'runner': 'DirectRunner',
'batch_size': 1024,
'data_dir': 'corpus/*.txt',
'output_dir': output_dir,
'temporary_dir': temporary_dir,
'module_url': module_url,
'random_projection_matrix': random_projection_matrix,
}
print("Pipeline args are set.")
args
INFO:tensorflow:Saver not created because there are no variables in the graph to restore
INFO:tensorflow:Saver not created because there are no variables in the graph to restore
TF-Hub module is loaded.
A Gaussian random weight matrix was creates with shape of (512, 64)
Storing random projection matrix to disk...
Pipeline args are set.
/home/kbuilder/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/utils/deprecation.py:86: FutureWarning: Function gaussian_random_matrix is deprecated; gaussian_random_matrix is deprecated in 0.22 and will be removed in version 0.24.
warnings.warn(msg, category=FutureWarning)
{'job_name': 'hub2emb-201203-121305',
'runner': 'DirectRunner',
'batch_size': 1024,
'data_dir': 'corpus/*.txt',
'output_dir': PosixPath('/tmp/tmp3_9agsp3'),
'temporary_dir': PosixPath('/tmp/tmp75ty7xfk'),
'module_url': 'https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder/2',
'random_projection_matrix': array([[ 0.21470759, -0.05258816, -0.0972597 , ..., 0.04385087,
-0.14274348, 0.11220471],
[ 0.03580492, -0.16426251, -0.14089037, ..., 0.0101535 ,
-0.22515438, -0.21514454],
[-0.15639698, 0.01808027, -0.13684782, ..., 0.11841098,
-0.04303762, 0.00745478],
...,
[-0.18584684, 0.14040793, 0.18339619, ..., 0.13763638,
-0.13028201, -0.16183348],
[ 0.20997704, -0.2241034 , -0.12709368, ..., -0.03352462,
0.11281993, -0.16342795],
[-0.23761595, 0.00275779, -0.1585855 , ..., -0.08995121,
0.1475089 , -0.26595401]])}
!rm -r {output_dir}
!rm -r {temporary_dir}
print("Running pipeline...")
%time run_hub2emb(args)
print("Pipeline is done.")
WARNING:apache_beam.runners.interactive.interactive_environment:Dependencies required for Interactive Beam PCollection visualization are not available, please use: `pip install apache-beam[interactive]` to install necessary dependencies to enable all data visualization features. Running pipeline... Warning:tensorflow:Tensorflow version (2.3.1) found. Note that Tensorflow Transform support for TF 2.0 is currently in beta, and features such as tf.function may not work as intended. Warning:tensorflow:Tensorflow version (2.3.1) found. Note that Tensorflow Transform support for TF 2.0 is currently in beta, and features such as tf.function may not work as intended. Warning:tensorflow:Tensorflow version (2.3.1) found. Note that Tensorflow Transform support for TF 2.0 is currently in beta, and features such as tf.function may not work as intended. Warning:tensorflow:Tensorflow version (2.3.1) found. Note that Tensorflow Transform support for TF 2.0 is currently in beta, and features such as tf.function may not work as intended. Warning:tensorflow:You are passing instance dicts and DatasetMetadata to TFT which will not provide optimal performance. Consider following the TFT guide to upgrade to the TFXIO format (Apache Arrow RecordBatch). Warning:tensorflow:You are passing instance dicts and DatasetMetadata to TFT which will not provide optimal performance. Consider following the TFT guide to upgrade to the TFXIO format (Apache Arrow RecordBatch). INFO:tensorflow:Saver not created because there are no variables in the graph to restore INFO:tensorflow:Saver not created because there are no variables in the graph to restore Warning:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/saved_model/signature_def_utils_impl.py:201: build_tensor_info (from tensorflow.python.saved_model.utils_impl) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: This function will only be available through the v1 compatibility library as tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info or tf.compat.v1.saved_model.build_tensor_info. Warning:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/saved_model/signature_def_utils_impl.py:201: build_tensor_info (from tensorflow.python.saved_model.utils_impl) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: This function will only be available through the v1 compatibility library as tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info or tf.compat.v1.saved_model.build_tensor_info. INFO:tensorflow:Assets added to graph. INFO:tensorflow:Assets added to graph. INFO:tensorflow:No assets to write. INFO:tensorflow:No assets to write. INFO:tensorflow:SavedModel written to: /tmp/tmp75ty7xfk/tftransform_tmp/0839c04b1a8d4dd0b3d2832fbe9f5904/saved_model.pb INFO:tensorflow:SavedModel written to: /tmp/tmp75ty7xfk/tftransform_tmp/0839c04b1a8d4dd0b3d2832fbe9f5904/saved_model.pb Warning:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow_transform/tf_utils.py:218: Tensor.experimental_ref (from tensorflow.python.framework.ops) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: Use ref() instead. Warning:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow_transform/tf_utils.py:218: Tensor.experimental_ref (from tensorflow.python.framework.ops) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: Use ref() instead. Warning:tensorflow:Tensorflow version (2.3.1) found. Note that Tensorflow Transform support for TF 2.0 is currently in beta, and features such as tf.function may not work as intended. Warning:tensorflow:Tensorflow version (2.3.1) found. Note that Tensorflow Transform support for TF 2.0 is currently in beta, and features such as tf.function may not work as intended. Warning:tensorflow:You are passing instance dicts and DatasetMetadata to TFT which will not provide optimal performance. Consider following the TFT guide to upgrade to the TFXIO format (Apache Arrow RecordBatch). Warning:tensorflow:You are passing instance dicts and DatasetMetadata to TFT which will not provide optimal performance. Consider following the TFT guide to upgrade to the TFXIO format (Apache Arrow RecordBatch). WARNING:apache_beam.io.tfrecordio:Couldn't find python-snappy so the implementation of _TFRecordUtil._masked_crc32c is not as fast as it could be. CPU times: user 2min 50s, sys: 6.6 s, total: 2min 57s Wall time: 2min 40s Pipeline is done.
ls {output_dir}emb-00000-of-00001.tfrecords
Прочитайте некоторые из сгенерированных вложений...
import itertools
embed_file = os.path.join(output_dir, 'emb-00000-of-00001.tfrecords')
sample = 5
record_iterator = tf.io.tf_record_iterator(path=embed_file)
for string_record in itertools.islice(record_iterator, sample):
example = tf.train.Example()
example.ParseFromString(string_record)
text = example.features.feature['text'].bytes_list.value
embedding = np.array(example.features.feature['embedding'].float_list.value)
print("Embedding dimensions: {}".format(embedding.shape[0]))
print("{}: {}".format(text, embedding[:10]))
WARNING:tensorflow:From <ipython-input-1-3d6f4d54c65b>:5: tf_record_iterator (from tensorflow.python.lib.io.tf_record) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: Use eager execution and: `tf.data.TFRecordDataset(path)` Warning:tensorflow:From <ipython-input-1-3d6f4d54c65b>:5: tf_record_iterator (from tensorflow.python.lib.io.tf_record) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: Use eager execution and: `tf.data.TFRecordDataset(path)` Embedding dimensions: 64 [b'headline_text']: [-0.04724706 0.27573067 -0.02340046 0.12461437 0.04809146 0.00246292 0.15367804 -0.17551982 -0.02778188 -0.185176 ] Embedding dimensions: 64 [b'aba decides against community broadcasting licence']: [-0.0466345 0.00110549 -0.08875479 0.05938878 0.01933165 -0.05704207 0.18913773 -0.12833942 0.1816328 0.06035798] Embedding dimensions: 64 [b'act fire witnesses must be aware of defamation']: [-0.31556517 -0.07618773 -0.14239314 -0.14500496 0.04438541 -0.00983415 0.01349827 -0.15908629 -0.12947078 0.31871504] Embedding dimensions: 64 [b'a g calls for infrastructure protection summit']: [ 0.15422247 -0.09829048 -0.16913125 -0.17129296 0.01204466 -0.16008876 -0.00540507 -0.20552996 0.11388192 -0.03878446] Embedding dimensions: 64 [b'air nz staff in aust strike for pay rise']: [ 0.13039729 -0.06921542 -0.08830801 -0.09704516 -0.05936369 -0.13036506 -0.16644046 -0.06228216 0.00742535 -0.13592219]
3. Создайте индекс ИНС для вложений.
ANNOY (Approximate Nearest Neighbours, о да) — это библиотека C++ с привязками Python для поиска точек в пространстве, близких к заданной точке запроса. Он также создает большие файловые структуры данных, доступные только для чтения, которые отображаются в памяти. Он создан и используется Spotify для музыкальных рекомендаций.
def build_index(embedding_files_pattern, index_filename, vector_length,
metric='angular', num_trees=100):
'''Builds an ANNOY index'''
annoy_index = annoy.AnnoyIndex(vector_length, metric=metric)
# Mapping between the item and its identifier in the index
mapping = {}
embed_files = tf.gfile.Glob(embedding_files_pattern)
print('Found {} embedding file(s).'.format(len(embed_files)))
item_counter = 0
for f, embed_file in enumerate(embed_files):
print('Loading embeddings in file {} of {}...'.format(
f+1, len(embed_files)))
record_iterator = tf.io.tf_record_iterator(
path=embed_file)
for string_record in record_iterator:
example = tf.train.Example()
example.ParseFromString(string_record)
text = example.features.feature['text'].bytes_list.value[0].decode("utf-8")
mapping[item_counter] = text
embedding = np.array(
example.features.feature['embedding'].float_list.value)
annoy_index.add_item(item_counter, embedding)
item_counter += 1
if item_counter % 100000 == 0:
print('{} items loaded to the index'.format(item_counter))
print('A total of {} items added to the index'.format(item_counter))
print('Building the index with {} trees...'.format(num_trees))
annoy_index.build(n_trees=num_trees)
print('Index is successfully built.')
print('Saving index to disk...')
annoy_index.save(index_filename)
print('Index is saved to disk.')
print("Index file size: {} GB".format(
round(os.path.getsize(index_filename) / float(1024 ** 3), 2)))
annoy_index.unload()
print('Saving mapping to disk...')
with open(index_filename + '.mapping', 'wb') as handle:
pickle.dump(mapping, handle, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
print('Mapping is saved to disk.')
print("Mapping file size: {} MB".format(
round(os.path.getsize(index_filename + '.mapping') / float(1024 ** 2), 2)))
embedding_files = "{}/emb-*.tfrecords".format(output_dir)
embedding_dimension = projected_dim
index_filename = "index"
!rm {index_filename}
!rm {index_filename}.mapping
%time build_index(embedding_files, index_filename, embedding_dimension)
rm: cannot remove 'index': No such file or directory rm: cannot remove 'index.mapping': No such file or directory Found 1 embedding file(s). Loading embeddings in file 1 of 1... 100000 items loaded to the index 200000 items loaded to the index 300000 items loaded to the index 400000 items loaded to the index 500000 items loaded to the index 600000 items loaded to the index 700000 items loaded to the index 800000 items loaded to the index 900000 items loaded to the index 1000000 items loaded to the index 1100000 items loaded to the index A total of 1103664 items added to the index Building the index with 100 trees... Index is successfully built. Saving index to disk... Index is saved to disk. Index file size: 1.66 GB Saving mapping to disk... Mapping is saved to disk. Mapping file size: 50.61 MB CPU times: user 6min 10s, sys: 3.7 s, total: 6min 14s Wall time: 1min 36s
lscorpus index.mapping raw.tsv index random_projection_matrix semantic_approximate_nearest_neighbors.ipynb
4. Используйте индекс для сопоставления сходства
Теперь мы можем использовать индекс ANN для поиска заголовков новостей, семантически близких к входному запросу.
Загрузите индекс и файлы сопоставления
index = annoy.AnnoyIndex(embedding_dimension)
index.load(index_filename, prefault=True)
print('Annoy index is loaded.')
with open(index_filename + '.mapping', 'rb') as handle:
mapping = pickle.load(handle)
print('Mapping file is loaded.')
Annoy index is loaded. /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py:1: FutureWarning: The default argument for metric will be removed in future version of Annoy. Please pass metric='angular' explicitly. """Entry point for launching an IPython kernel. Mapping file is loaded.
Метод сопоставления сходства
def find_similar_items(embedding, num_matches=5):
'''Finds similar items to a given embedding in the ANN index'''
ids = index.get_nns_by_vector(
embedding, num_matches, search_k=-1, include_distances=False)
items = [mapping[i] for i in ids]
return items
Извлечь встраивание из заданного запроса
# Load the TF-Hub module
print("Loading the TF-Hub module...")
g = tf.Graph()
with g.as_default():
embed_fn = load_module(module_url)
print("TF-Hub module is loaded.")
random_projection_matrix = None
if os.path.exists('random_projection_matrix'):
print("Loading random projection matrix...")
with open('random_projection_matrix', 'rb') as handle:
random_projection_matrix = pickle.load(handle)
print('random projection matrix is loaded.')
def extract_embeddings(query):
'''Generates the embedding for the query'''
query_embedding = embed_fn([query])[0]
if random_projection_matrix is not None:
query_embedding = query_embedding.dot(random_projection_matrix)
return query_embedding
Loading the TF-Hub module... INFO:tensorflow:Saver not created because there are no variables in the graph to restore INFO:tensorflow:Saver not created because there are no variables in the graph to restore TF-Hub module is loaded. TF-Hub module is loaded. Loading random projection matrix... random projection matrix is loaded.
extract_embeddings("Hello Machine Learning!")[:10]
array([-0.06277051, 0.14012653, -0.15893948, 0.15775941, -0.1226441 ,
-0.11202384, 0.07953477, -0.08003543, 0.03763271, 0.0302215 ])
Введите запрос, чтобы найти наиболее похожие товары
query = "confronting global challenges"
print("Generating embedding for the query...")
%time query_embedding = extract_embeddings(query)
print("")
print("Finding relevant items in the index...")
%time items = find_similar_items(query_embedding, 10)
print("")
print("Results:")
print("=========")
for item in items:
print(item)
Generating embedding for the query... CPU times: user 32.9 ms, sys: 19.8 ms, total: 52.7 ms Wall time: 6.96 ms Finding relevant items in the index... CPU times: user 7.19 ms, sys: 370 µs, total: 7.56 ms Wall time: 953 µs Results: ========= confronting global challenges downer challenges un to follow aust example fairfax loses oshane challenge jericho social media and the border farce territory on search for raw comedy talent interview gred jericho interview: josh frydenberg; environment and energy interview: josh frydenberg; environment and energy world science festival music and climate change interview with aussie bobsledder
Хотите узнать больше?
Вы можете узнать больше о TensorFlow на tensorflow.org и просмотреть документацию по API TF-Hub на tensorflow.org/hub . Найдите доступные модули TensorFlow Hub на tfhub.dev, включая дополнительные модули для встраивания текста и модули векторных функций изображений.
Также ознакомьтесь с ускоренным курсом машинного обучения , который представляет собой быстрое практическое введение Google в машинное обучение.