 Ver en TensorFlow.org |  Ejecutar en Google Colab |  Ver fuente en GitHub |  Descargar libreta |
Este tutorial le muestra cómo generar notas musicales usando un RNN simple. Entrenará un modelo utilizando una colección de archivos MIDI de piano del conjunto de datos MAESTRO . Dada una secuencia de notas, su modelo aprenderá a predecir la próxima nota en la secuencia. Puede generar secuencias de notas más largas llamando al modelo repetidamente.
Este tutorial contiene código completo para analizar y crear archivos MIDI. Puede obtener más información sobre cómo funcionan los RNN visitando Generación de texto con un RNN .
Configuración
Este tutorial usa la biblioteca pretty_midi para crear y analizar archivos MIDI y pyfluidsynth para generar reproducción de audio en Colab.
sudo apt install -y fluidsynth
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: linux-gcp-5.4-headers-5.4.0-1040 linux-gcp-5.4-headers-5.4.0-1043 linux-gcp-5.4-headers-5.4.0-1044 linux-gcp-5.4-headers-5.4.0-1049 linux-headers-5.4.0-1049-gcp linux-image-5.4.0-1049-gcp linux-modules-5.4.0-1049-gcp linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-1049-gcp Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following additional packages will be installed: fluid-soundfont-gm libasyncns0 libdouble-conversion1 libevdev2 libflac8 libfluidsynth1 libgudev-1.0-0 libinput-bin libinput10 libjack-jackd2-0 libmtdev1 libogg0 libpulse0 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5 libqt5network5 libqt5svg5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5x11extras5 libsamplerate0 libsndfile1 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libwacom-bin libwacom-common libwacom2 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xkb1 libxkbcommon-x11-0 qsynth qt5-gtk-platformtheme qttranslations5-l10n Suggested packages: fluid-soundfont-gs timidity jackd2 pulseaudio qt5-image-formats-plugins qtwayland5 jackd The following NEW packages will be installed: fluid-soundfont-gm fluidsynth libasyncns0 libdouble-conversion1 libevdev2 libflac8 libfluidsynth1 libgudev-1.0-0 libinput-bin libinput10 libjack-jackd2-0 libmtdev1 libogg0 libpulse0 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5 libqt5network5 libqt5svg5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5x11extras5 libsamplerate0 libsndfile1 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libwacom-bin libwacom-common libwacom2 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xkb1 libxkbcommon-x11-0 qsynth qt5-gtk-platformtheme qttranslations5-l10n 0 upgraded, 41 newly installed, 0 to remove and 120 not upgraded. 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pip install --upgrade pyfluidsynth
pip install pretty_midi
import collections
import datetime
import fluidsynth
import glob
import numpy as np
import pathlib
import pandas as pd
import pretty_midi
import seaborn as sns
import tensorflow as tf
from IPython import display
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
seed = 42
tf.random.set_seed(seed)
np.random.seed(seed)
# Sampling rate for audio playback
_SAMPLING_RATE = 16000
Descargar el conjunto de datos de Maestro
data_dir = pathlib.Path('data/maestro-v2.0.0')
if not data_dir.exists():
tf.keras.utils.get_file(
'maestro-v2.0.0-midi.zip',
origin='https://storage.googleapis.com/magentadata/datasets/maestro/v2.0.0/maestro-v2.0.0-midi.zip',
extract=True,
cache_dir='.', cache_subdir='data',
)
Downloading data from https://storage.googleapis.com/magentadata/datasets/maestro/v2.0.0/maestro-v2.0.0-midi.zip 59244544/59243107 [==============================] - 3s 0us/step 59252736/59243107 [==============================] - 3s 0us/step
El conjunto de datos contiene alrededor de 1200 archivos MIDI.
filenames = glob.glob(str(data_dir/'**/*.mid*'))
print('Number of files:', len(filenames))
Number of files: 1282
Procesar un archivo MIDI
Primero, usa pretty_midi para analizar un solo archivo MIDI e inspeccionar el formato de las notas. Si desea descargar el archivo MIDI a continuación para reproducirlo en su computadora, puede hacerlo en colab escribiendo files.download(sample_file) .
sample_file = filenames[1]
print(sample_file)
data/maestro-v2.0.0/2013/ORIG-MIDI_02_7_6_13_Group__MID--AUDIO_08_R1_2013_wav--3.midi
Genere un objeto PrettyMIDI para el archivo MIDI de muestra.
pm = pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI(sample_file)
Reproduzca el archivo de muestra. El widget de reproducción puede tardar varios segundos en cargarse.
def display_audio(pm: pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI, seconds=30):
waveform = pm.fluidsynth(fs=_SAMPLING_RATE)
# Take a sample of the generated waveform to mitigate kernel resets
waveform_short = waveform[:seconds*_SAMPLING_RATE]
return display.Audio(waveform_short, rate=_SAMPLING_RATE)
display_audio(pm)
Inspeccione un poco el archivo MIDI. ¿Qué tipo de instrumentos se utilizan?
print('Number of instruments:', len(pm.instruments))
instrument = pm.instruments[0]
instrument_name = pretty_midi.program_to_instrument_name(instrument.program)
print('Instrument name:', instrument_name)
Number of instruments: 1 Instrument name: Acoustic Grand Piano
Extraer notas
for i, note in enumerate(instrument.notes[:10]):
note_name = pretty_midi.note_number_to_name(note.pitch)
duration = note.end - note.start
print(f'{i}: pitch={note.pitch}, note_name={note_name},'
f' duration={duration:.4f}')
0: pitch=56, note_name=G#3, duration=0.0352 1: pitch=44, note_name=G#2, duration=0.0417 2: pitch=68, note_name=G#4, duration=0.0651 3: pitch=80, note_name=G#5, duration=0.1693 4: pitch=78, note_name=F#5, duration=0.1523 5: pitch=76, note_name=E5, duration=0.1120 6: pitch=75, note_name=D#5, duration=0.0612 7: pitch=49, note_name=C#3, duration=0.0378 8: pitch=85, note_name=C#6, duration=0.0352 9: pitch=37, note_name=C#2, duration=0.0417
Utilizará tres variables para representar una nota cuando entrene el modelo: pitch , step y duration . El tono es la calidad perceptible del sonido como un número de nota MIDI. El step es el tiempo transcurrido desde la nota anterior o el inicio de la pista. La duration es cuánto tiempo se reproducirá la nota en segundos y es la diferencia entre el final de la nota y los tiempos de inicio de la nota.
Extraiga las notas del archivo MIDI de muestra.
def midi_to_notes(midi_file: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
pm = pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI(midi_file)
instrument = pm.instruments[0]
notes = collections.defaultdict(list)
# Sort the notes by start time
sorted_notes = sorted(instrument.notes, key=lambda note: note.start)
prev_start = sorted_notes[0].start
for note in sorted_notes:
start = note.start
end = note.end
notes['pitch'].append(note.pitch)
notes['start'].append(start)
notes['end'].append(end)
notes['step'].append(start - prev_start)
notes['duration'].append(end - start)
prev_start = start
return pd.DataFrame({name: np.array(value) for name, value in notes.items()})
raw_notes = midi_to_notes(sample_file)
raw_notes.head()
Puede ser más fácil interpretar los nombres de las notas en lugar de los tonos, por lo que puede usar la función a continuación para convertir los valores de tono numéricos en nombres de notas. El nombre de la nota muestra el tipo de nota, la alteración y el número de octava (por ejemplo, C#4).
get_note_names = np.vectorize(pretty_midi.note_number_to_name)
sample_note_names = get_note_names(raw_notes['pitch'])
sample_note_names[:10]
array(['G#3', 'G#5', 'G#4', 'G#2', 'F#5', 'E5', 'D#5', 'C#3', 'C#6',
'C#5'], dtype='<U3')
Para visualizar la pieza musical, marque el tono de la nota, el comienzo y el final a lo largo de la pista (es decir, piano roll). Comience con las primeras 100 notas
def plot_piano_roll(notes: pd.DataFrame, count: Optional[int] = None):
if count:
title = f'First {count} notes'
else:
title = f'Whole track'
count = len(notes['pitch'])
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 4))
plot_pitch = np.stack([notes['pitch'], notes['pitch']], axis=0)
plot_start_stop = np.stack([notes['start'], notes['end']], axis=0)
plt.plot(
plot_start_stop[:, :count], plot_pitch[:, :count], color="b", marker=".")
plt.xlabel('Time [s]')
plt.ylabel('Pitch')
_ = plt.title(title)
plot_piano_roll(raw_notes, count=100)
Trace las notas de toda la pista.
plot_piano_roll(raw_notes)
Consulta la distribución de cada nota variable.
def plot_distributions(notes: pd.DataFrame, drop_percentile=2.5):
plt.figure(figsize=[15, 5])
plt.subplot(1, 3, 1)
sns.histplot(notes, x="pitch", bins=20)
plt.subplot(1, 3, 2)
max_step = np.percentile(notes['step'], 100 - drop_percentile)
sns.histplot(notes, x="step", bins=np.linspace(0, max_step, 21))
plt.subplot(1, 3, 3)
max_duration = np.percentile(notes['duration'], 100 - drop_percentile)
sns.histplot(notes, x="duration", bins=np.linspace(0, max_duration, 21))
plot_distributions(raw_notes)
Crear un archivo MIDI
Puede generar su propio archivo MIDI a partir de una lista de notas usando la función a continuación.
def notes_to_midi(
notes: pd.DataFrame,
out_file: str,
instrument_name: str,
velocity: int = 100, # note loudness
) -> pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI:
pm = pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI()
instrument = pretty_midi.Instrument(
program=pretty_midi.instrument_name_to_program(
instrument_name))
prev_start = 0
for i, note in notes.iterrows():
start = float(prev_start + note['step'])
end = float(start + note['duration'])
note = pretty_midi.Note(
velocity=velocity,
pitch=int(note['pitch']),
start=start,
end=end,
)
instrument.notes.append(note)
prev_start = start
pm.instruments.append(instrument)
pm.write(out_file)
return pm
example_file = 'example.midi'
example_pm = notes_to_midi(
raw_notes, out_file=example_file, instrument_name=instrument_name)
Reproduzca el archivo MIDI generado y vea si hay alguna diferencia.
display_audio(example_pm)
Como antes, puede escribir files.download(example_file) para descargar y reproducir este archivo.
Crear el conjunto de datos de entrenamiento
Cree el conjunto de datos de entrenamiento extrayendo notas de los archivos MIDI. Puede comenzar usando una pequeña cantidad de archivos y experimentar más tarde con más. Esto puede tomar un par de minutos.
num_files = 5
all_notes = []
for f in filenames[:num_files]:
notes = midi_to_notes(f)
all_notes.append(notes)
all_notes = pd.concat(all_notes)
n_notes = len(all_notes)
print('Number of notes parsed:', n_notes)
Number of notes parsed: 23163
A continuación, cree un tf.data.Dataset a partir de las notas analizadas.
key_order = ['pitch', 'step', 'duration']
train_notes = np.stack([all_notes[key] for key in key_order], axis=1)
notes_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(train_notes)
notes_ds.element_spec
TensorSpec(shape=(3,), dtype=tf.float64, name=None)
Entrenará el modelo en lotes de secuencias de notas. Cada ejemplo constará de una secuencia de notas como características de entrada y la siguiente nota como etiqueta. De esta forma, el modelo será entrenado para predecir la siguiente nota en una secuencia. Puede encontrar un diagrama que explica este proceso (y más detalles) en Clasificación de texto con un RNN .
Puede usar la práctica función de ventana con tamaño seq_length para crear las características y etiquetas en este formato.
def create_sequences(
dataset: tf.data.Dataset,
seq_length: int,
vocab_size = 128,
) -> tf.data.Dataset:
"""Returns TF Dataset of sequence and label examples."""
seq_length = seq_length+1
# Take 1 extra for the labels
windows = dataset.window(seq_length, shift=1, stride=1,
drop_remainder=True)
# `flat_map` flattens the" dataset of datasets" into a dataset of tensors
flatten = lambda x: x.batch(seq_length, drop_remainder=True)
sequences = windows.flat_map(flatten)
# Normalize note pitch
def scale_pitch(x):
x = x/[vocab_size,1.0,1.0]
return x
# Split the labels
def split_labels(sequences):
inputs = sequences[:-1]
labels_dense = sequences[-1]
labels = {key:labels_dense[i] for i,key in enumerate(key_order)}
return scale_pitch(inputs), labels
return sequences.map(split_labels, num_parallel_calls=tf.data.AUTOTUNE)
Establezca la longitud de la secuencia para cada ejemplo. Experimente con diferentes longitudes (p. ej., 50, 100, 150) para ver cuál funciona mejor para los datos, o utilice el ajuste de hiperparámetros . El tamaño del vocabulario ( vocab_size ) se establece en 128 y representa todos los tonos admitidos por pretty_midi .
seq_length = 25
vocab_size = 128
seq_ds = create_sequences(notes_ds, seq_length, vocab_size)
seq_ds.element_spec
(TensorSpec(shape=(25, 3), dtype=tf.float64, name=None),
{'pitch': TensorSpec(shape=(), dtype=tf.float64, name=None),
'step': TensorSpec(shape=(), dtype=tf.float64, name=None),
'duration': TensorSpec(shape=(), dtype=tf.float64, name=None)})
La forma del conjunto de datos es (100,1) , lo que significa que el modelo tomará 100 notas como entrada y aprenderá a predecir la siguiente nota como salida.
for seq, target in seq_ds.take(1):
print('sequence shape:', seq.shape)
print('sequence elements (first 10):', seq[0: 10])
print()
print('target:', target)
sequence shape: (25, 3)
sequence elements (first 10): tf.Tensor(
[[0.578125 0. 0.1484375 ]
[0.390625 0.00130208 0.0390625 ]
[0.3828125 0.03255208 0.07421875]
[0.390625 0.08203125 0.14713542]
[0.5625 0.14973958 0.07421875]
[0.546875 0.09375 0.07421875]
[0.5390625 0.12239583 0.04947917]
[0.296875 0.01692708 0.31119792]
[0.5234375 0.09895833 0.04036458]
[0.5078125 0.12369792 0.06380208]], shape=(10, 3), dtype=float64)
target: {'pitch': <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float64, numpy=67.0>, 'step': <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float64, numpy=0.1171875>, 'duration': <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float64, numpy=0.04947916666666652>}
Agrupe los ejemplos y configure el conjunto de datos para el rendimiento.
batch_size = 64
buffer_size = n_notes - seq_length # the number of items in the dataset
train_ds = (seq_ds
.shuffle(buffer_size)
.batch(batch_size, drop_remainder=True)
.cache()
.prefetch(tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE))
train_ds.element_spec
(TensorSpec(shape=(64, 25, 3), dtype=tf.float64, name=None),
{'pitch': TensorSpec(shape=(64,), dtype=tf.float64, name=None),
'step': TensorSpec(shape=(64,), dtype=tf.float64, name=None),
'duration': TensorSpec(shape=(64,), dtype=tf.float64, name=None)})
Crear y entrenar el modelo.
El modelo tendrá tres salidas, una para cada variable de nota. Para pitch y duration , utilizará una función de pérdida personalizada basada en el error cuadrático medio que anima al modelo a generar valores no negativos.
def mse_with_positive_pressure(y_true: tf.Tensor, y_pred: tf.Tensor):
mse = (y_true - y_pred) ** 2
positive_pressure = 10 * tf.maximum(-y_pred, 0.0)
return tf.reduce_mean(mse + positive_pressure)
input_shape = (seq_length, 3)
learning_rate = 0.005
inputs = tf.keras.Input(input_shape)
x = tf.keras.layers.LSTM(128)(inputs)
outputs = {
'pitch': tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, name='pitch')(x),
'step': tf.keras.layers.Dense(1, name='step')(x),
'duration': tf.keras.layers.Dense(1, name='duration')(x),
}
model = tf.keras.Model(inputs, outputs)
loss = {
'pitch': tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(
from_logits=True),
'step': mse_with_positive_pressure,
'duration': mse_with_positive_pressure,
}
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=learning_rate)
model.compile(loss=loss, optimizer=optimizer)
model.summary()
Model: "model"
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Layer (type) Output Shape Param # Connected to
==================================================================================================
input_1 (InputLayer) [(None, 25, 3)] 0 []
lstm (LSTM) (None, 128) 67584 ['input_1[0][0]']
duration (Dense) (None, 1) 129 ['lstm[0][0]']
pitch (Dense) (None, 128) 16512 ['lstm[0][0]']
step (Dense) (None, 1) 129 ['lstm[0][0]']
==================================================================================================
Total params: 84,354
Trainable params: 84,354
Non-trainable params: 0
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Al probar la función model.evaluate , puede ver que la pérdida de pitch es significativamente mayor que las pérdidas de step y duration . Tenga en cuenta que la loss es la pérdida total calculada sumando todas las demás pérdidas y actualmente está dominada por la pérdida de pitch .
losses = model.evaluate(train_ds, return_dict=True)
losses
361/361 [==============================] - 6s 4ms/step - loss: 5.0011 - duration_loss: 0.1213 - pitch_loss: 4.8476 - step_loss: 0.0322
{'loss': 5.001128196716309,
'duration_loss': 0.12134315073490143,
'pitch_loss': 4.847629547119141,
'step_loss': 0.03215572610497475}
Una forma de equilibrar esto es usar el argumento loss_weights para compilar:
model.compile(
loss=loss,
loss_weights={
'pitch': 0.05,
'step': 1.0,
'duration':1.0,
},
optimizer=optimizer,
)
La loss se convierte entonces en la suma ponderada de las pérdidas individuales.
model.evaluate(train_ds, return_dict=True)
361/361 [==============================] - 2s 4ms/step - loss: 0.3959 - duration_loss: 0.1213 - pitch_loss: 4.8476 - step_loss: 0.0322
{'loss': 0.39588069915771484,
'duration_loss': 0.12134315073490143,
'pitch_loss': 4.847629547119141,
'step_loss': 0.03215572610497475}
Entrena al modelo.
callbacks = [
tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint(
filepath='./training_checkpoints/ckpt_{epoch}',
save_weights_only=True),
tf.keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping(
monitor='loss',
patience=5,
verbose=1,
restore_best_weights=True),
]
%%time
epochs = 50
history = model.fit(
train_ds,
epochs=epochs,
callbacks=callbacks,
)
Epoch 1/50 361/361 [==============================] - 4s 5ms/step - loss: 0.3075 - duration_loss: 0.0732 - pitch_loss: 4.0974 - step_loss: 0.0294 Epoch 2/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2950 - duration_loss: 0.0696 - pitch_loss: 3.9526 - step_loss: 0.0278 Epoch 3/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2927 - duration_loss: 0.0682 - pitch_loss: 3.9372 - step_loss: 0.0276 Epoch 4/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2918 - duration_loss: 0.0681 - pitch_loss: 3.9232 - step_loss: 0.0275 Epoch 5/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2874 - duration_loss: 0.0657 - pitch_loss: 3.9079 - step_loss: 0.0264 Epoch 6/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2842 - duration_loss: 0.0653 - pitch_loss: 3.8509 - step_loss: 0.0263 Epoch 7/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2820 - duration_loss: 0.0650 - pitch_loss: 3.8090 - step_loss: 0.0265 Epoch 8/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2806 - duration_loss: 0.0654 - pitch_loss: 3.7903 - step_loss: 0.0257 Epoch 9/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2806 - duration_loss: 0.0651 - pitch_loss: 3.7888 - step_loss: 0.0261 Epoch 10/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2778 - duration_loss: 0.0637 - pitch_loss: 3.7690 - step_loss: 0.0256 Epoch 11/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2762 - duration_loss: 0.0624 - pitch_loss: 3.7704 - step_loss: 0.0253 Epoch 12/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2746 - duration_loss: 0.0616 - pitch_loss: 3.7644 - step_loss: 0.0248 Epoch 13/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2728 - duration_loss: 0.0604 - pitch_loss: 3.7591 - step_loss: 0.0244 Epoch 14/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2710 - duration_loss: 0.0584 - pitch_loss: 3.7573 - step_loss: 0.0247 Epoch 15/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2694 - duration_loss: 0.0574 - pitch_loss: 3.7610 - step_loss: 0.0239 Epoch 16/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2686 - duration_loss: 0.0569 - pitch_loss: 3.7529 - step_loss: 0.0240 Epoch 17/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2695 - duration_loss: 0.0577 - pitch_loss: 3.7486 - step_loss: 0.0243 Epoch 18/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2663 - duration_loss: 0.0560 - pitch_loss: 3.7473 - step_loss: 0.0229 Epoch 19/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2642 - duration_loss: 0.0543 - pitch_loss: 3.7366 - step_loss: 0.0231 Epoch 20/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2691 - duration_loss: 0.0587 - pitch_loss: 3.7421 - step_loss: 0.0233 Epoch 21/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2636 - duration_loss: 0.0547 - pitch_loss: 3.7314 - step_loss: 0.0223 Epoch 22/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2613 - duration_loss: 0.0533 - pitch_loss: 3.7313 - step_loss: 0.0215 Epoch 23/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2595 - duration_loss: 0.0516 - pitch_loss: 3.7219 - step_loss: 0.0218 Epoch 24/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2548 - duration_loss: 0.0493 - pitch_loss: 3.7148 - step_loss: 0.0198 Epoch 25/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2539 - duration_loss: 0.0483 - pitch_loss: 3.7150 - step_loss: 0.0199 Epoch 26/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2526 - duration_loss: 0.0474 - pitch_loss: 3.7138 - step_loss: 0.0196 Epoch 27/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2502 - duration_loss: 0.0460 - pitch_loss: 3.7036 - step_loss: 0.0190 Epoch 28/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2467 - duration_loss: 0.0442 - pitch_loss: 3.6970 - step_loss: 0.0177 Epoch 29/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2458 - duration_loss: 0.0438 - pitch_loss: 3.6938 - step_loss: 0.0172 Epoch 30/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2434 - duration_loss: 0.0418 - pitch_loss: 3.6836 - step_loss: 0.0174 Epoch 31/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2404 - duration_loss: 0.0403 - pitch_loss: 3.6703 - step_loss: 0.0166 Epoch 32/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2421 - duration_loss: 0.0412 - pitch_loss: 3.6833 - step_loss: 0.0168 Epoch 33/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2391 - duration_loss: 0.0399 - pitch_loss: 3.6585 - step_loss: 0.0163 Epoch 34/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2376 - duration_loss: 0.0390 - pitch_loss: 3.6467 - step_loss: 0.0163 Epoch 35/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2403 - duration_loss: 0.0417 - pitch_loss: 3.6448 - step_loss: 0.0164 Epoch 36/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2394 - duration_loss: 0.0417 - pitch_loss: 3.6218 - step_loss: 0.0166 Epoch 37/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2337 - duration_loss: 0.0369 - pitch_loss: 3.6155 - step_loss: 0.0161 Epoch 38/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2320 - duration_loss: 0.0357 - pitch_loss: 3.6080 - step_loss: 0.0158 Epoch 39/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2291 - duration_loss: 0.0353 - pitch_loss: 3.5896 - step_loss: 0.0143 Epoch 40/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2285 - duration_loss: 0.0352 - pitch_loss: 3.5784 - step_loss: 0.0144 Epoch 41/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2276 - duration_loss: 0.0338 - pitch_loss: 3.5928 - step_loss: 0.0142 Epoch 42/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2233 - duration_loss: 0.0316 - pitch_loss: 3.5582 - step_loss: 0.0137 Epoch 43/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2211 - duration_loss: 0.0304 - pitch_loss: 3.5453 - step_loss: 0.0134 Epoch 44/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2206 - duration_loss: 0.0307 - pitch_loss: 3.5396 - step_loss: 0.0129 Epoch 45/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2223 - duration_loss: 0.0322 - pitch_loss: 3.5352 - step_loss: 0.0133 Epoch 46/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2213 - duration_loss: 0.0312 - pitch_loss: 3.5323 - step_loss: 0.0135 Epoch 47/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2240 - duration_loss: 0.0329 - pitch_loss: 3.5405 - step_loss: 0.0142 Epoch 48/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 6ms/step - loss: 0.2217 - duration_loss: 0.0322 - pitch_loss: 3.5160 - step_loss: 0.0137 Epoch 49/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2167 - duration_loss: 0.0296 - pitch_loss: 3.4894 - step_loss: 0.0126 Epoch 50/50 361/361 [==============================] - 2s 5ms/step - loss: 0.2142 - duration_loss: 0.0278 - pitch_loss: 3.4757 - step_loss: 0.0126 CPU times: user 2min 16s, sys: 23.9 s, total: 2min 40s Wall time: 1min 41s
plt.plot(history.epoch, history.history['loss'], label='total loss')
plt.show()
Generar notas
Para usar el modelo para generar notas, primero deberá proporcionar una secuencia inicial de notas. La siguiente función genera una nota a partir de una secuencia de notas.
Para el tono de la nota, extrae una muestra de la distribución softmax de las notas producidas por el modelo, y no elige simplemente la nota con la probabilidad más alta. Elegir siempre la nota con la mayor probabilidad daría lugar a la generación de secuencias repetitivas de notas.
El parámetro de temperature se puede utilizar para controlar la aleatoriedad de las notas generadas. Puede encontrar más detalles sobre la temperatura en Generación de texto con un RNN .
def predict_next_note(
notes: np.ndarray,
keras_model: tf.keras.Model,
temperature: float = 1.0) -> int:
"""Generates a note IDs using a trained sequence model."""
assert temperature > 0
# Add batch dimension
inputs = tf.expand_dims(notes, 0)
predictions = model.predict(inputs)
pitch_logits = predictions['pitch']
step = predictions['step']
duration = predictions['duration']
pitch_logits /= temperature
pitch = tf.random.categorical(pitch_logits, num_samples=1)
pitch = tf.squeeze(pitch, axis=-1)
duration = tf.squeeze(duration, axis=-1)
step = tf.squeeze(step, axis=-1)
# `step` and `duration` values should be non-negative
step = tf.maximum(0, step)
duration = tf.maximum(0, duration)
return int(pitch), float(step), float(duration)
Ahora genera algunas notas. Puedes jugar con la temperatura y la secuencia de inicio en next_notes y ver qué sucede.
temperature = 2.0
num_predictions = 120
sample_notes = np.stack([raw_notes[key] for key in key_order], axis=1)
# The initial sequence of notes; pitch is normalized similar to training
# sequences
input_notes = (
sample_notes[:seq_length] / np.array([vocab_size, 1, 1]))
generated_notes = []
prev_start = 0
for _ in range(num_predictions):
pitch, step, duration = predict_next_note(input_notes, model, temperature)
start = prev_start + step
end = start + duration
input_note = (pitch, step, duration)
generated_notes.append((*input_note, start, end))
input_notes = np.delete(input_notes, 0, axis=0)
input_notes = np.append(input_notes, np.expand_dims(input_note, 0), axis=0)
prev_start = start
generated_notes = pd.DataFrame(
generated_notes, columns=(*key_order, 'start', 'end'))
generated_notes.head(10)
out_file = 'output.mid'
out_pm = notes_to_midi(
generated_notes, out_file=out_file, instrument_name=instrument_name)
display_audio(out_pm)
También puede descargar el archivo de audio agregando las dos líneas a continuación:
from google.colab import files
files.download(out_file)
Visualiza las notas generadas.
plot_piano_roll(generated_notes)
Consulta las distribuciones de pitch , step y duration .
plot_distributions(generated_notes)
En los gráficos anteriores, notará el cambio en la distribución de las variables de nota. Dado que existe un ciclo de retroalimentación entre las salidas y las entradas del modelo, el modelo tiende a generar secuencias similares de salidas para reducir la pérdida. Esto es particularmente relevante para el step y la duration , que utiliza la pérdida de MSE. Para pitch , puede aumentar la aleatoriedad aumentando la temperature en predict_next_note .
Próximos pasos
Este tutorial demostró la mecánica del uso de un RNN para generar secuencias de notas a partir de un conjunto de datos de archivos MIDI. Para obtener más información, puede visitar la generación de texto estrechamente relacionada con un tutorial de RNN , que contiene diagramas y explicaciones adicionales.
Una alternativa al uso de RNN para la generación de música es el uso de GAN. En lugar de generar audio, un enfoque basado en GAN puede generar una secuencia completa en paralelo. El equipo de Magenta ha realizado un trabajo impresionante en este enfoque con GANSynth . También puede encontrar muchos proyectos maravillosos de música y arte y código abierto en el sitio web del proyecto Magenta .