tfp.experimental.nn.AffineVariationalReparameterizationLocal

Densely-connected layer class with local reparameterization estimator.

Inherits From: VariationalLayer, Layer

tfp.experimental.nn.AffineVariationalReparameterizationLocal(
    input_size,
    output_size,
    kernel_initializer=None,
    bias_initializer=None,
    make_posterior_fn=tfp.experimental.nn.util.make_kernel_bias_posterior_mvn_diag,
    make_prior_fn=tfp.experimental.nn.util.make_kernel_bias_prior_spike_and_slab,
    posterior_value_fn=tfp.distributions.Distribution.sample,
    unpack_weights_fn=unpack_kernel_and_bias,
    dtype=tf.float32,
    activation_fn=None,
    seed=None,
    validate_args=False,
    name=None
)

This layer implements the Bayesian variational inference analogue to a dense layer by assuming the kernel and/or the bias are drawn from distributions. By default, the layer implements a stochastic forward pass via sampling from the kernel and bias posteriors,

kernel, bias ~ posterior
outputs = matmul(inputs, kernel) + bias

It uses the local reparameterization estimator [(Kingma et al., 2015)][1], which performs a Monte Carlo approximation of the distribution on the hidden units induced by the kernel and bias. The default kernel_posterior_fn is a normal distribution which factorizes across all elements of the weight matrix and bias vector. Unlike [1]'s multiplicative parameterization, this distribution has trainable location and scale parameters which is known as an additive noise parameterization [(Molchanov et al., 2017)][2].

The arguments permit separate specification of the surrogate posterior (q(W|x)), prior (p(W)), and divergence for both the kernel and bias distributions.

Upon being built, this layer adds losses (accessible via the losses property) representing the divergences of kernel and/or bias surrogate posteriors and their respective priors. When doing minibatch stochastic optimization, make sure to scale this loss such that it is applied just once per epoch (e.g. if kl is the sum of losses for each element of the batch, you should pass kl / num_examples_per_epoch to your optimizer).

You can access the kernel and/or bias posterior and prior distributions after the layer is built via the kernel_posterior, kernel_prior, bias_posterior and bias_prior properties.

Examples

We illustrate a Bayesian neural network with variational inference, assuming a dataset of images and length-10 one-hot targets.

# Using the following substitution, see:
tfn = tfp.experimental.nn
help(tfn.AffineVariationalReparameterization)
BayesAffine =  tfn.AffineVariationalReparameterizationLocal

This example uses reparameterization gradients to minimize the Kullback-Leibler divergence up to a constant, also known as the negative Evidence Lower Bound. It consists of the sum of two terms: the expected negative log-likelihood, which we approximate via Monte Carlo; and the KL divergence, which is added via regularizer terms which are arguments to the layer.

References

[1]: Diederik Kingma, Tim Salimans, and Max Welling. Variational Dropout and the Local Reparameterization Trick. In Neural Information Processing Systems, 2015. https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02557 [2]: Dmitry Molchanov, Arsenii Ashukha, Dmitry Vetrov. Variational Dropout Sparsifies Deep Neural Networks. In International Conference on Machine Learning, 2017. https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.05369

input_size ...
output_size ...
kernel_initializer ... Default value: None (i.e., tfp.nn.initializers.glorot_uniform()).
bias_initializer ... Default value: None (i.e., tf.initializers.zeros()).
make_posterior_fn ... Default value: tfp.experimental.nn.util.make_kernel_bias_posterior_mvn_diag.
make_prior_fn ... Default value: tfp.experimental.nn.util.make_kernel_bias_prior_spike_and_slab.
posterior_value_fn ... Default valye: tfd.Distribution.sample
unpack_weights_fn Default value: unpack_kernel_and_bias
dtype ... Default value: tf.float32.
activation_fn ... Default value: None.
seed ... Default value: None (i.e., no seed).
validate_args ... Default value: False.
name ... Default value: None (i.e., 'AffineVariationalFlipout').

activation_fn

also_track

dtype

name Returns the name of this module as passed or determined in the ctor.
name_scope Returns a tf.name_scope instance for this class.
non_trainable_variables Sequence of non-trainable variables owned by this module and its submodules.
posterior

posterior_value

posterior_value_fn

prior

submodules Sequence of all sub-modules.

Submodules are modules which are properties of this module, or found as properties of modules which are properties of this module (and so on).

a = tf.Module()
b = tf.Module()
c = tf.Module()
a.b = b
b.c = c
list(a.submodules) == [b, c]
True
list(b.submodules) == [c]
True
list(c.submodules) == []
True

trainable_variables Sequence of trainable variables owned by this module and its submodules.
unpack_weights_fn

validate_args Python bool indicating possibly expensive checks are enabled.
variables Sequence of variables owned by this module and its submodules.

Methods

load

View source

load(
    filename
)

save

View source

save(
    filename
)

summary

View source

summary()

with_name_scope

@classmethod
with_name_scope(
    method
)

Decorator to automatically enter the module name scope.

class MyModule(tf.Module):
  @tf.Module.with_name_scope
  def __call__(self, x):
    if not hasattr(self, 'w'):
      self.w = tf.Variable(tf.random.normal([x.shape[1], 3]))
    return tf.matmul(x, self.w)

Using the above module would produce tf.Variables and tf.Tensors whose names included the module name:

mod = MyModule()
mod(tf.ones([1, 2]))
<tf.Tensor: shape=(1, 3), dtype=float32, numpy=..., dtype=float32)>
mod.w
<tf.Variable 'my_module/Variable:0' shape=(2, 3) dtype=float32,
numpy=..., dtype=float32)>

Args
method The method to wrap.

Returns
The original method wrapped such that it enters the module's name scope.

__call__

View source

__call__(
    x
)

Call self as a function.