![]() |
Joint distribution parameterized by named distribution-making functions.
Inherits From: JointDistributionNamed
, JointDistributionSequential
, JointDistribution
, Distribution
tfp.substrates.jax.distributions.JointDistributionNamedAutoBatched(
model, batch_ndims=0, use_vectorized_map=True, validate_args=False,
experimental_use_kahan_sum=False, name=None
)
This class provides automatic vectorization and alternative semantics for
tfd.JointDistributionNamed
, which in many cases allows for
simplifications in the model specification.
Automatic vectorization
Auto-vectorized variants of JointDistribution allow the user to avoid
explicitly annotating a model's vectorization semantics.
When using manually-vectorized joint distributions, each operation in the
model must account for the possibility of batch dimensions in Distributions
and their samples. By contrast, auto-vectorized models need only describe
a single sample from the joint distribution; any batch evaluation is
automated using tf.vectorized_map
as required. In many cases this
allows for significant simplications. For example, the following
manually-vectorized tfd.JointDistributionNamed
model:
model = tfd.JointDistributionNamed({
'x': tfd.Normal(0., tf.ones([3])),
'y': tfd.Normal(0., 1.),
'z': lambda x, y: tfd.Normal(x[..., :2] + y[..., tf.newaxis], 1.)
})
can be written in auto-vectorized form as
model = tfd.JointDistributionNamedAutoBatched({
'x': tfd.Normal(0., tf.ones([3])),
'y': tfd.Normal(0., 1.),
'z': lambda x, y: tfd.Normal(x[:2] + y, 1.)
})
in which we were able to avoid explicitly accounting for batch dimensions when indexing and slicing computed quantities in the third line.
Alternative batch semantics
This class also provides alternative semantics for specifying a batch of independent (non-identical) joint distributions.
Instead of simply summing the log_prob
s of component distributions
(which may have different shapes), it first reduces the component log_prob
s
to ensure that jd.log_prob(jd.sample())
always returns a scalar, unless
batch_ndims
is explicitly set to a nonzero value (in which case the result
will have the corresponding tensor rank).
The essential changes are:
- An
event
ofJointDistributionNamedAutoBatched
is the dictionary of tensors produced by.sample()
; thus, theevent_shape
is the dictionary containing the shapes of sampled tensors. These combine both the event and batch dimensions of the component distributions. By contrast, the event shape of a baseJointDistribution
s does not include batch dimensions of component distributions. - The
batch_shape
is a global property of the entire model, rather than a per-component property as in baseJointDistribution
s. The global batch shape must be a prefix of the batch shapes of each component; the length of this prefix is specified by an optional argumentbatch_ndims
. Ifbatch_ndims
is not specified, the model has batch shape[]
.
Examples
Consider the following generative model:
e ~ Exponential(rate=[100,120])
g ~ Gamma(concentration=e[0], rate=e[1])
n ~ Normal(loc=0, scale=2.)
m ~ Normal(loc=n, scale=g)
for i = 1, ..., 12:
x[i] ~ Bernoulli(logits=m)
We can code this as:
tfd = tfp.distributions
joint = tfd.JointDistributionNamedAutoBatched(dict(
e= tfd.Exponential(rate=[100, 120]),
g=lambda e: tfd.Gamma(concentration=e[0], rate=e[1]),
n= tfd.Normal(loc=0, scale=2.),
m=lambda n, g: tfd.Normal(loc=n, scale=g),
x=lambda m: tfd.Sample(tfd.Bernoulli(logits=m), 12),
))
Notice the 1:1 correspondence between "math" and "code". In a standard
JointDistributionNamed
, we would have wrapped the first variable as
e = tfd.Independent(tfd.Exponential(rate=[100, 120]),
reinterpreted_batch_ndims=1)
to specify that log_prob
of the Exponential
should be a scalar, summing over both dimensions. We would also have had to
extend indices as tfd.Gamma(concentration=e[..., 0], rate=e[..., 1])
to
account for possible batch dimensions. Both of these behaviors are implicit
in JointDistributionNamedAutoBatched
.
Args | |
---|---|
model
|
A generator that yields a sequence of tfd.Distribution -like
instances.
|
batch_ndims
|
int Tensor number of batch dimensions. The batch_shape s
of all component distributions must be such that the prefixes of
length batch_ndims broadcast to a consistent joint batch shape.
Default value: 0 .
|
use_vectorized_map
|
Python bool . Whether to use tf.vectorized_map
to automatically vectorize evaluation of the model. This allows the
model specification to focus on drawing a single sample, which is often
simpler, but some ops may not be supported.
Default value: True .
|
validate_args
|
Python bool . Whether to validate input with asserts.
If validate_args is False , and the inputs are invalid,
correct behavior is not guaranteed.
Default value: False .
|
experimental_use_kahan_sum
|
Python bool . When True , we use Kahan
summation to aggregate independent underlying log_prob values, which
improves against the precision of a naive float32 sum. This can be
noticeable in particular for large dimensions in float32. See CPU caveat
on tfp.math.reduce_kahan_sum .
|
name
|
The name for ops managed by the distribution.
Default value: None (i.e., JointDistributionNamed ).
|
Attributes | |
---|---|
allow_nan_stats
|
Python bool describing behavior when a stat is undefined.
Stats return +/- infinity when it makes sense. E.g., the variance of a Cauchy distribution is infinity. However, sometimes the statistic is undefined, e.g., if a distribution's pdf does not achieve a maximum within the support of the distribution, the mode is undefined. If the mean is undefined, then by definition the variance is undefined. E.g. the mean for Student's T for df = 1 is undefined (no clear way to say it is either + or - infinity), so the variance = E[(X - mean)**2] is also undefined. |
batch_ndims
|
|
batch_shape
|
|
dtype
|
The DType of Tensor s handled by this Distribution .
|
event_shape
|
|
model
|
|
name
|
Name prepended to all ops created by this Distribution .
|
parameters
|
Dictionary of parameters used to instantiate this Distribution .
|
reparameterization_type
|
Describes how samples from the distribution are reparameterized.
Currently this is one of the static instances
|
trainable_variables
|
|
use_vectorized_map
|
|
validate_args
|
Python bool indicating possibly expensive checks are enabled.
|
variables
|
Methods
batch_shape_tensor
batch_shape_tensor(
sample_shape=(), name='batch_shape_tensor'
)
cdf
cdf(
value, name='cdf', **kwargs
)
Cumulative distribution function.
Given random variable X
, the cumulative distribution function cdf
is:
cdf(x) := P[X <= x]
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
cdf
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
copy
copy(
**override_parameters_kwargs
)
Creates a deep copy of the distribution.
Args | |
---|---|
**override_parameters_kwargs
|
String/value dictionary of initialization arguments to override with new values. |
Returns | |
---|---|
distribution
|
A new instance of type(self) initialized from the union
of self.parameters and override_parameters_kwargs, i.e.,
dict(self.parameters, **override_parameters_kwargs) .
|
covariance
covariance(
name='covariance', **kwargs
)
Covariance.
Covariance is (possibly) defined only for non-scalar-event distributions.
For example, for a length-k
, vector-valued distribution, it is calculated
as,
Cov[i, j] = Covariance(X_i, X_j) = E[(X_i - E[X_i]) (X_j - E[X_j])]
where Cov
is a (batch of) k x k
matrix, 0 <= (i, j) < k
, and E
denotes expectation.
Alternatively, for non-vector, multivariate distributions (e.g.,
matrix-valued, Wishart), Covariance
shall return a (batch of) matrices
under some vectorization of the events, i.e.,
Cov[i, j] = Covariance(Vec(X)_i, Vec(X)_j) = [as above]
where Cov
is a (batch of) k' x k'
matrices,
0 <= (i, j) < k' = reduce_prod(event_shape)
, and Vec
is some function
mapping indices of this distribution's event dimensions to indices of a
length-k'
vector.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
covariance
|
Floating-point Tensor with shape [B1, ..., Bn, k', k']
where the first n dimensions are batch coordinates and
k' = reduce_prod(self.event_shape) .
|
cross_entropy
cross_entropy(
other, name='cross_entropy'
)
Computes the (Shannon) cross entropy.
Denote this distribution (self
) by P
and the other
distribution by
Q
. Assuming P, Q
are absolutely continuous with respect to
one another and permit densities p(x) dr(x)
and q(x) dr(x)
, (Shannon)
cross entropy is defined as:
H[P, Q] = E_p[-log q(X)] = -int_F p(x) log q(x) dr(x)
where F
denotes the support of the random variable X ~ P
.
other
types with built-in registrations: JointDistributionNamed
, JointDistributionNamedAutoBatched
, JointDistributionSequential
, JointDistributionSequentialAutoBatched
Args | |
---|---|
other
|
tfp.distributions.Distribution instance.
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
cross_entropy
|
self.dtype Tensor with shape [B1, ..., Bn]
representing n different calculations of (Shannon) cross entropy.
|
entropy
entropy(
name='entropy', **kwargs
)
Shannon entropy in nats.
Additional documentation from JointDistributionSequential
:
Shannon entropy in nats.
event_shape_tensor
event_shape_tensor(
sample_shape=(), name='event_shape_tensor'
)
Shape of a single sample from a single batch.
experimental_default_event_space_bijector
experimental_default_event_space_bijector(
*args, **kwargs
)
Bijector mapping the reals (R**n) to the event space of the distribution.
Distributions with continuous support may implement
_default_event_space_bijector
which returns a subclass of
tfp.bijectors.Bijector
that maps R**n to the distribution's event space.
For example, the default bijector for the Beta
distribution
is tfp.bijectors.Sigmoid()
, which maps the real line to [0, 1]
, the
support of the Beta
distribution. The default bijector for the
CholeskyLKJ
distribution is tfp.bijectors.CorrelationCholesky
, which
maps R^(k * (k-1) // 2) to the submanifold of k x k lower triangular
matrices with ones along the diagonal.
The purpose of experimental_default_event_space_bijector
is
to enable gradient descent in an unconstrained space for Variational
Inference and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo methods. Some effort has been made to
choose bijectors such that the tails of the distribution in the
unconstrained space are between Gaussian and Exponential.
For distributions with discrete event space, or for which TFP currently
lacks a suitable bijector, this function returns None
.
Args | |
---|---|
*args
|
Passed to implementation _default_event_space_bijector .
|
**kwargs
|
Passed to implementation _default_event_space_bijector .
|
Returns | |
---|---|
event_space_bijector
|
Bijector instance or None .
|
experimental_pin
experimental_pin(
*args, **kwargs
)
Pins some parts, returning an unnormalized distribution object.
The calling convention is much like other JointDistribution
methods (e.g.
log_prob
), but with the difference that not all parts are required. In
this respect, the behavior is similar to that of the sample
function's
value
argument.
Examples:
# Given the following joint distribution:
jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
tfd.Normal(0., 1., name='z'),
tfd.Normal(0., 1., name='y'),
lambda y, z: tfd.Normal(y + z, 1., name='x')
], validate_args=True)
# The following calls are all permissible and produce
# `JointDistributionPinned` objects behaving identically.
PartialXY = collections.namedtuple('PartialXY', 'x,y')
PartialX = collections.namedtuple('PartialX', 'x')
assert (jd.experimental_pin(x=2.).pins ==
jd.experimental_pin(x=2., z=None).pins ==
jd.experimental_pin(dict(x=2.)).pins ==
jd.experimental_pin(dict(x=2., y=None)).pins ==
jd.experimental_pin(PartialXY(x=2., y=None)).pins ==
jd.experimental_pin(PartialX(x=2.)).pins ==
jd.experimental_pin(None, None, 2.).pins ==
jd.experimental_pin([None, None, 2.]).pins)
Args | |
---|---|
*args
|
Positional arguments: a value structure or component values (see above). |
**kwargs
|
Keyword arguments: a value structure or component values (see
above). May also include name , specifying a Python string name for ops
generated by this method.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
pinned
|
a tfp.experimental.distributions.JointDistributionPinned with
the given values pinned.
|
is_scalar_batch
is_scalar_batch(
name='is_scalar_batch'
)
Indicates that batch_shape == []
.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
is_scalar_batch
|
bool scalar Tensor .
|
is_scalar_event
is_scalar_event(
name='is_scalar_event'
)
Indicates that event_shape == []
.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
is_scalar_event
|
bool scalar Tensor for each distribution in model .
|
kl_divergence
kl_divergence(
other, name='kl_divergence'
)
Computes the Kullback--Leibler divergence.
Denote this distribution (self
) by p
and the other
distribution by
q
. Assuming p, q
are absolutely continuous with respect to reference
measure r
, the KL divergence is defined as:
KL[p, q] = E_p[log(p(X)/q(X))]
= -int_F p(x) log q(x) dr(x) + int_F p(x) log p(x) dr(x)
= H[p, q] - H[p]
where F
denotes the support of the random variable X ~ p
, H[., .]
denotes (Shannon) cross entropy, and H[.]
denotes (Shannon) entropy.
other
types with built-in registrations: JointDistributionNamed
, JointDistributionNamedAutoBatched
, JointDistributionSequential
, JointDistributionSequentialAutoBatched
Args | |
---|---|
other
|
tfp.distributions.Distribution instance.
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
kl_divergence
|
self.dtype Tensor with shape [B1, ..., Bn]
representing n different calculations of the Kullback-Leibler
divergence.
|
log_cdf
log_cdf(
value, name='log_cdf', **kwargs
)
Log cumulative distribution function.
Given random variable X
, the cumulative distribution function cdf
is:
log_cdf(x) := Log[ P[X <= x] ]
Often, a numerical approximation can be used for log_cdf(x)
that yields
a more accurate answer than simply taking the logarithm of the cdf
when
x << -1
.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
logcdf
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
log_prob
log_prob(
*args, **kwargs
)
Log probability density/mass function.
The measure methods of `JointDistribution` (`log_prob`, `prob`, etc.)
can be called either by passing a single structure of tensors or by using
named args for each part of the joint distribution state. For example,
```python
jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
tfd.Normal(0., 1.),
lambda z: tfd.Normal(z, 1.)
], validate_args=True)
jd.dtype
# ==> [tf.float32, tf.float32]
z, x = sample = jd.sample()
# The following calling styles are all permissable and produce the exactly
# the same output.
assert (jd.log_prob(sample) ==
jd.log_prob(value=sample) ==
jd.log_prob(z, x) ==
jd.log_prob(z=z, x=x) ==
jd.log_prob(z, x=x))
# These calling possibilities also imply that one can also use `*`
# expansion, if `sample` is a sequence:
jd.log_prob(*sample)
# and similarly, if `sample` is a map, one can use `**` expansion:
jd.log_prob(**sample)
```
`JointDistribution` component distributions names are resolved via
`jd._flat_resolve_names()`, which is implemented by each `JointDistribution`
subclass (see subclass documentation for details). Generally, for components
where a name was provided---
either explicitly as the `name` argument to a distribution or as a key in a
dict-valued JointDistribution, or implicitly, e.g., by the argument name of
a `JointDistributionSequential` distribution-making function---the provided
name will be used. Otherwise the component will receive a dummy name; these
may change without warning and should not be relied upon.
Note: not all `JointDistribution` subclasses support all calling styles;
for example, `JointDistributionNamed` does not support positional arguments
(aka "unnamed arguments") unless the provided model specifies an ordering of
variables (i.e., is an `collections.OrderedDict` or `collections.namedtuple`
rather than a plain `dict`).
Note: care is taken to resolve any potential ambiguity---this is generally
possible by inspecting the structure of the provided argument and "aligning"
it to the joint distribution output structure (defined by `jd.dtype`). For
example,
```python
trivial_jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([tfd.Exponential(1.)])
trivial_jd.dtype # => [tf.float32]
trivial_jd.log_prob([4.])
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.
lp = trivial_jd.log_prob(4.)
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.
```
Notice that in the first call, `[4.]` is interpreted as a list of one
scalar while in the second call the input is a scalar. Hence both inputs
result in identical scalar outputs. If we wanted to pass an explicit
vector to the `Exponential` component---creating a vector-shaped batch
of `log_prob`s---we could instead write
`trivial_jd.log_prob(np.array([4]))`.
Args:
*args: Positional arguments: a `value` structure or component values
(see above).
**kwargs: Keyword arguments: a `value` structure or component values
(see above). May also include `name`, specifying a Python string name
for ops generated by this method.
Returns | |
---|---|
log_prob
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
log_prob_parts
log_prob_parts(
value, name='log_prob_parts'
)
Log probability density/mass function.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
list of Tensor s in distribution_fn order for which we compute
the log_prob_parts and to parameterize other ("downstream")
distributions.
|
name
|
name prepended to ops created by this function.
Default value: "log_prob_parts" .
|
Returns | |
---|---|
log_prob_parts
|
a tuple of Tensor s representing the log_prob for
each distribution_fn evaluated at each corresponding value .
|
log_survival_function
log_survival_function(
value, name='log_survival_function', **kwargs
)
Log survival function.
Given random variable X
, the survival function is defined:
log_survival_function(x) = Log[ P[X > x] ]
= Log[ 1 - P[X <= x] ]
= Log[ 1 - cdf(x) ]
Typically, different numerical approximations can be used for the log
survival function, which are more accurate than 1 - cdf(x)
when x >> 1
.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type
self.dtype .
|
mean
mean(
name='mean', **kwargs
)
Mean.
mode
mode(
name='mode', **kwargs
)
Mode.
param_shapes
@classmethod
param_shapes( sample_shape, name='DistributionParamShapes' )
Shapes of parameters given the desired shape of a call to sample()
.
This is a class method that describes what key/value arguments are required
to instantiate the given Distribution
so that a particular shape is
returned for that instance's call to sample()
.
Subclasses should override class method _param_shapes
.
Args | |
---|---|
sample_shape
|
Tensor or python list/tuple. Desired shape of a call to
sample() .
|
name
|
name to prepend ops with. |
Returns | |
---|---|
dict of parameter name to Tensor shapes.
|
param_static_shapes
@classmethod
param_static_shapes( sample_shape )
param_shapes with static (i.e. TensorShape
) shapes.
This is a class method that describes what key/value arguments are required
to instantiate the given Distribution
so that a particular shape is
returned for that instance's call to sample()
. Assumes that the sample's
shape is known statically.
Subclasses should override class method _param_shapes
to return
constant-valued tensors when constant values are fed.
Args | |
---|---|
sample_shape
|
TensorShape or python list/tuple. Desired shape of a call
to sample() .
|
Returns | |
---|---|
dict of parameter name to TensorShape .
|
Raises | |
---|---|
ValueError
|
if sample_shape is a TensorShape and is not fully defined.
|
parameter_properties
@classmethod
parameter_properties( dtype=tf.float32, num_classes=None )
Returns a dict mapping constructor arg names to property annotations.
This dict should include an entry for each of the distribution's
Tensor
-valued constructor arguments.
Args | |
---|---|
dtype
|
Optional float dtype to assume for continuous-valued parameters.
Some constraining bijectors require advance knowledge of the dtype
because certain constants (e.g., tfb.Softplus.low ) must be
instantiated with the same dtype as the values to be transformed.
|
num_classes
|
Optional int Tensor number of classes to assume when
inferring the shape of parameters for categorical-like distributions.
Otherwise ignored.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
parameter_properties
|
A
str -> tfp.python.internal.parameter_properties.ParameterPropertiesdict mapping constructor argument names to ParameterProperties`
instances.
|
prob
prob(
*args, **kwargs
)
Probability density/mass function.
The measure methods of `JointDistribution` (`log_prob`, `prob`, etc.)
can be called either by passing a single structure of tensors or by using
named args for each part of the joint distribution state. For example,
```python
jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
tfd.Normal(0., 1.),
lambda z: tfd.Normal(z, 1.)
], validate_args=True)
jd.dtype
# ==> [tf.float32, tf.float32]
z, x = sample = jd.sample()
# The following calling styles are all permissable and produce the exactly
# the same output.
assert (jd.prob(sample) ==
jd.prob(value=sample) ==
jd.prob(z, x) ==
jd.prob(z=z, x=x) ==
jd.prob(z, x=x))
# These calling possibilities also imply that one can also use `*`
# expansion, if `sample` is a sequence:
jd.prob(*sample)
# and similarly, if `sample` is a map, one can use `**` expansion:
jd.prob(**sample)
```
`JointDistribution` component distributions names are resolved via
`jd._flat_resolve_names()`, which is implemented by each `JointDistribution`
subclass (see subclass documentation for details). Generally, for components
where a name was provided---
either explicitly as the `name` argument to a distribution or as a key in a
dict-valued JointDistribution, or implicitly, e.g., by the argument name of
a `JointDistributionSequential` distribution-making function---the provided
name will be used. Otherwise the component will receive a dummy name; these
may change without warning and should not be relied upon.
Note: not all `JointDistribution` subclasses support all calling styles;
for example, `JointDistributionNamed` does not support positional arguments
(aka "unnamed arguments") unless the provided model specifies an ordering of
variables (i.e., is an `collections.OrderedDict` or `collections.namedtuple`
rather than a plain `dict`).
Note: care is taken to resolve any potential ambiguity---this is generally
possible by inspecting the structure of the provided argument and "aligning"
it to the joint distribution output structure (defined by `jd.dtype`). For
example,
```python
trivial_jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([tfd.Exponential(1.)])
trivial_jd.dtype # => [tf.float32]
trivial_jd.prob([4.])
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.
prob = trivial_jd.prob(4.)
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.
```
Notice that in the first call, `[4.]` is interpreted as a list of one
scalar while in the second call the input is a scalar. Hence both inputs
result in identical scalar outputs. If we wanted to pass an explicit
vector to the `Exponential` component---creating a vector-shaped batch
of `prob`s---we could instead write
`trivial_jd.prob(np.array([4]))`.
Args:
*args: Positional arguments: a `value` structure or component values
(see above).
**kwargs: Keyword arguments: a `value` structure or component values
(see above). May also include `name`, specifying a Python string name
for ops generated by this method.
Returns | |
---|---|
prob
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
prob_parts
prob_parts(
value, name='prob_parts'
)
Log probability density/mass function.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
list of Tensor s in distribution_fn order for which we compute
the prob_parts and to parameterize other ("downstream") distributions.
|
name
|
name prepended to ops created by this function.
Default value: "prob_parts" .
|
Returns | |
---|---|
prob_parts
|
a tuple of Tensor s representing the prob for
each distribution_fn evaluated at each corresponding value .
|
quantile
quantile(
value, name='quantile', **kwargs
)
Quantile function. Aka 'inverse cdf' or 'percent point function'.
Given random variable X
and p in [0, 1]
, the quantile
is:
quantile(p) := x such that P[X <= x] == p
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
quantile
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
resolve_graph
resolve_graph(
distribution_names=None, leaf_name='x'
)
Creates a tuple
of tuple
s of dependencies.
This function is experimental. That said, we encourage its use
and ask that you report problems to tfprobability@tensorflow.org
.
Args | |
---|---|
distribution_names
|
list of str or None names corresponding to each
of model elements. (None s are expanding into the
appropriate str .)
|
leaf_name
|
str used when no maker depends on a particular
model element.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
graph
|
tuple of (str tuple) pairs representing the name of each
distribution (maker) and the names of its dependencies.
|
Example
d = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
tfd.Independent(tfd.Exponential(rate=[100, 120]), 1),
lambda e: tfd.Gamma(concentration=e[..., 0], rate=e[..., 1]),
tfd.Normal(loc=0, scale=2.),
lambda n, g: tfd.Normal(loc=n, scale=g),
])
d.resolve_graph()
# ==> (
# ('e', ()),
# ('g', ('e',)),
# ('n', ()),
# ('x', ('n', 'g')),
# )
sample
sample(
sample_shape=(), seed=None, name='sample', **kwargs
)
Generate samples of the specified shape.
Note that a call to sample()
without arguments will generate a single
sample.
Args | |
---|---|
sample_shape
|
0D or 1D int32 Tensor . Shape of the generated samples.
|
seed
|
Python integer or tfp.util.SeedStream instance, for seeding PRNG.
|
name
|
name to give to the op. |
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
samples
|
a Tensor with prepended dimensions sample_shape .
|
sample_distributions
sample_distributions(
sample_shape=(), seed=None, value=None, name='sample_distributions'
)
stddev
stddev(
name='stddev', **kwargs
)
Standard deviation.
Standard deviation is defined as,
stddev = E[(X - E[X])**2]**0.5
where X
is the random variable associated with this distribution, E
denotes expectation, and stddev.shape = batch_shape + event_shape
.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
stddev
|
Floating-point Tensor with shape identical to
batch_shape + event_shape , i.e., the same shape as self.mean() .
|
survival_function
survival_function(
value, name='survival_function', **kwargs
)
Survival function.
Given random variable X
, the survival function is defined:
survival_function(x) = P[X > x]
= 1 - P[X <= x]
= 1 - cdf(x).
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type
self.dtype .
|
variance
variance(
name='variance', **kwargs
)
Variance.
Variance is defined as,
Var = E[(X - E[X])**2]
where X
is the random variable associated with this distribution, E
denotes expectation, and Var.shape = batch_shape + event_shape
.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
variance
|
Floating-point Tensor with shape identical to
batch_shape + event_shape , i.e., the same shape as self.mean() .
|
__getitem__
__getitem__(
slices
)
Slices the batch axes of this distribution, returning a new instance.
b = tfd.Bernoulli(logits=tf.zeros([3, 5, 7, 9]))
b.batch_shape # => [3, 5, 7, 9]
b2 = b[:, tf.newaxis, ..., -2:, 1::2]
b2.batch_shape # => [3, 1, 5, 2, 4]
x = tf.random.stateless_normal([5, 3, 2, 2])
cov = tf.matmul(x, x, transpose_b=True)
chol = tf.linalg.cholesky(cov)
loc = tf.random.stateless_normal([4, 1, 3, 1])
mvn = tfd.MultivariateNormalTriL(loc, chol)
mvn.batch_shape # => [4, 5, 3]
mvn.event_shape # => [2]
mvn2 = mvn[:, 3:, ..., ::-1, tf.newaxis]
mvn2.batch_shape # => [4, 2, 3, 1]
mvn2.event_shape # => [2]
Args | |
---|---|
slices
|
slices from the [] operator |
Returns | |
---|---|
dist
|
A new tfd.Distribution instance with sliced parameters.
|
__iter__
__iter__()