tf.distribute.experimental.CentralStorageStrategy

A one-machine strategy that puts all variables on a single device.

Inherits From: Strategy

tf.distribute.experimental.CentralStorageStrategy(
    compute_devices=None, parameter_device=None
)

Variables are assigned to local CPU or the only GPU. If there is more than one GPU, compute operations (other than variable update operations) will be replicated across all GPUs.

For Example:

strategy = tf.distribute.experimental.CentralStorageStrategy()
# Create a dataset
ds = tf.data.Dataset.range(5).batch(2)
# Distribute that dataset
dist_dataset = strategy.experimental_distribute_dataset(ds)

with strategy.scope():
  @tf.function
  def train_step(val):
    return val + 1

  # Iterate over the distributed dataset
  for x in dist_dataset:
    # process dataset elements
    strategy.run(train_step, args=(x,))

Attributes
cluster_resolver	Returns the cluster resolver associated with this strategy. In general, when using a multi-worker tf.distribute strategy such as tf.distribute.experimental.MultiWorkerMirroredStrategy or tf.distribute.experimental.TPUStrategy(), there is a tf.distribute.cluster_resolver.ClusterResolver associated with the strategy used, and such an instance is returned by this property. Strategies that intend to have an associated tf.distribute.cluster_resolver.ClusterResolver must set the relevant attribute, or override this property; otherwise, None is returned by default. Those strategies should also provide information regarding what is returned by this property. Single-worker strategies usually do not have a tf.distribute.cluster_resolver.ClusterResolver, and in those cases this property will return None. The tf.distribute.cluster_resolver.ClusterResolver may be useful when the user needs to access information such as the cluster spec, task type or task id. For example, os.environ['TF_CONFIG'] = json.dumps({ 'cluster': { 'worker': ["localhost:12345", "localhost:23456"], 'ps': ["localhost:34567"] }, 'task': {'type': 'worker', 'index': 0} }) # This implicitly uses TF_CONFIG for the cluster and current task info. strategy = tf.distribute.experimental.MultiWorkerMirroredStrategy() ... if strategy.cluster_resolver.task_type == 'worker': # Perform something that's only applicable on workers. Since we set this # as a worker above, this block will run on this particular instance. elif strategy.cluster_resolver.task_type == 'ps': # Perform something that's only applicable on parameter servers. Since we # set this as a worker above, this block will not run on this particular # instance. For more information, please see tf.distribute.cluster_resolver.ClusterResolver's API docstring.
extended	tf.distribute.StrategyExtended with additional methods.
num_replicas_in_sync	Returns number of replicas over which gradients are aggregated.

Methods

experimental_assign_to_logical_device

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experimental_assign_to_logical_device(
    tensor, logical_device_id
)

Adds annotation that tensor will be assigned to a logical device.

Note: This API is only supported in TPUStrategy for now. This adds an annotation to tensor specifying that operations on tensor will be invoked on logical core device id logical_device_id. When model parallelism is used, the default behavior is that all ops are placed on zero-th logical device.

# Initializing TPU system with 2 logical devices and 4 replicas.
resolver = tf.distribute.cluster_resolver.TPUClusterResolver(tpu='')
tf.config.experimental_connect_to_cluster(resolver)
topology = tf.tpu.experimental.initialize_tpu_system(resolver)
device_assignment = tf.tpu.experimental.DeviceAssignment.build(
    topology,
    computation_shape=[1, 1, 1, 2],
    num_replicas=4)
strategy = tf.distribute.TPUStrategy(
    resolver, experimental_device_assignment=device_assignment)
iterator = iter(inputs)

@tf.function()
def step_fn(inputs):
  output = tf.add(inputs, inputs)

  # Add operation will be executed on logical device 0.
  output = strategy.experimental_assign_to_logical_device(output, 0)
  return output

strategy.run(step_fn, args=(next(iterator),))

Args
tensor	Input tensor to annotate.
logical_device_id	Id of the logical core to which the tensor will be assigned.

Raises
ValueError	The logical device id presented is not consistent with total number of partitions specified by the device assignment.

Returns
Annotated tensor with idential value as tensor.

experimental_distribute_dataset

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experimental_distribute_dataset(
    dataset
)

Distributes a tf.data.Dataset instance provided via dataset.

The returned dataset is a wrapped strategy dataset which creates a multidevice iterator under the hood. It prefetches the input data to the specified devices on the worker. The returned distributed dataset can be iterated over similar to how regular datasets can.

Note: Currently, the user cannot add any more transformations to a distributed dataset.

For Example:

strategy = tf.distribute.CentralStorageStrategy()  # with 1 CPU and 1 GPU
dataset = tf.data.Dataset.range(10).batch(2)
dist_dataset = strategy.experimental_distribute_dataset(dataset)
for x in dist_dataset:
  print(x)  # Prints PerReplica values [0, 1], [2, 3],...

Args: dataset: tf.data.Dataset to be prefetched to device.

Returns
A "distributed Dataset" that the caller can iterate over.

experimental_distribute_datasets_from_function

View source

experimental_distribute_datasets_from_function(
    dataset_fn
)

Distributes tf.data.Dataset instances created by calls to dataset_fn.

dataset_fn will be called once for each worker in the strategy. In this case, we only have one worker so dataset_fn is called once. Each replica on this worker will then dequeue a batch of elements from this local dataset.

The dataset_fn should take an tf.distribute.InputContext instance where information about batching and input replication can be accessed.

For Example:

def dataset_fn(input_context):
  batch_size = input_context.get_per_replica_batch_size(global_batch_size)
  d = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensors([[1.]]).repeat().batch(batch_size)
  return d.shard(
      input_context.num_input_pipelines, input_context.input_pipeline_id)

inputs = strategy.experimental_distribute_datasets_from_function(dataset_fn)

for batch in inputs:
  replica_results = strategy.run(replica_fn, args=(batch,))

Key Point: The tf.data.Dataset returned by dataset_fn should have a per-replica batch size, unlike experimental_distribute_dataset, which uses the global batch size. This may be computed using input_context.get_per_replica_batch_size.

Args
dataset_fn	A function taking a tf.distribute.InputContext instance and returning a tf.data.Dataset.

Returns
A "distributed Dataset", which the caller can iterate over like regular datasets.

experimental_distribute_values_from_function

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experimental_distribute_values_from_function(
    value_fn
)

Generates tf.distribute.DistributedValues from value_fn.

This function is to generate tf.distribute.DistributedValues to pass into run, reduce, or other methods that take distributed values when not using datasets.

Args
value_fn	The function to run to generate values. It is called for each replica with tf.distribute.ValueContext as the sole argument. It must return a Tensor or a type that can be converted to a Tensor.

Returns
A tf.distribute.DistributedValues containing a value for each replica.

Example usage:

1. Return constant value per replica:

strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy()
def value_fn(ctx):
  return tf.constant(1.)
distributed_values = (
     strategy.experimental_distribute_values_from_function(
       value_fn))
local_result = strategy.experimental_local_results(distributed_values)
local_result
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=1.0>,)

1. Distribute values in array based on replica_id:

strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy()
array_value = np.array([3., 2., 1.])
def value_fn(ctx):
  return array_value[ctx.replica_id_in_sync_group]
distributed_values = (
     strategy.experimental_distribute_values_from_function(
       value_fn))
local_result = strategy.experimental_local_results(distributed_values)
local_result
(3.0,)

1. Specify values using num_replicas_in_sync:

strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy()
def value_fn(ctx):
  return ctx.num_replicas_in_sync
distributed_values = (
     strategy.experimental_distribute_values_from_function(
       value_fn))
local_result = strategy.experimental_local_results(distributed_values)
local_result
(1,)

1. Place values on devices and distribute:

strategy = tf.distribute.TPUStrategy()
worker_devices = strategy.extended.worker_devices
multiple_values = []
for i in range(strategy.num_replicas_in_sync):
  with tf.device(worker_devices[i]):
    multiple_values.append(tf.constant(1.0))

def value_fn(ctx):
  return multiple_values[ctx.replica_id_in_sync_group]

distributed_values = strategy.
  experimental_distribute_values_from_function(
  value_fn)

experimental_local_results

View source

experimental_local_results(
    value
)

Returns the list of all local per-replica values contained in value.

In CentralStorageStrategy there is a single worker so the value returned will be all the values on that worker.

<

Args
value	A value returned by run(), extended.call_for_each_replica(), or a variable created in scope.