tf.linalg.LinearOperatorIdentity

See Stable See Nightly

Class LinearOperatorIdentity

LinearOperator acting like a [batch] square identity matrix.

View aliases

Compat aliases for migration

See Migration guide for more details.

tf.compat.v1.linalg.LinearOperatorIdentity, tf.compat.v2.linalg.LinearOperatorIdentity

This operator acts like a [batch] identity matrix A with shape [B1,...,Bb, N, N] for some b >= 0. The first b indices index a batch member. For every batch index (i1,...,ib), A[i1,...,ib, : :] is an N x N matrix. This matrix A is not materialized, but for purposes of broadcasting this shape will be relevant.

LinearOperatorIdentity is initialized with num_rows, and optionally batch_shape, and dtype arguments. If batch_shape is None, this operator efficiently passes through all arguments. If batch_shape is provided, broadcasting may occur, which will require making copies.

# Create a 2 x 2 identity matrix.
operator = LinearOperatorIdentity(num_rows=2, dtype=tf.float32)

operator.to_dense()
==> [[1., 0.]
     [0., 1.]]

operator.shape
==> [2, 2]

operator.log_abs_determinant()
==> 0.

x = ... Shape [2, 4] Tensor
operator.matmul(x)
==> Shape [2, 4] Tensor, same as x.

y = tf.random.normal(shape=[3, 2, 4])
# Note that y.shape is compatible with operator.shape because operator.shape
# is broadcast to [3, 2, 2].
# This broadcast does NOT require copying data, since we can infer that y
# will be passed through without changing shape.  We are always able to infer
# this if the operator has no batch_shape.
x = operator.solve(y)
==> Shape [3, 2, 4] Tensor, same as y.

# Create a 2-batch of 2x2 identity matrices
operator = LinearOperatorIdentity(num_rows=2, batch_shape=[2])
operator.to_dense()
==> [[[1., 0.]
      [0., 1.]],
     [[1., 0.]
      [0., 1.]]]

# Here, even though the operator has a batch shape, the input is the same as
# the output, so x can be passed through without a copy.  The operator is able
# to detect that no broadcast is necessary because both x and the operator
# have statically defined shape.
x = ... Shape [2, 2, 3]
operator.matmul(x)
==> Shape [2, 2, 3] Tensor, same as x

# Here the operator and x have different batch_shape, and are broadcast.
# This requires a copy, since the output is different size than the input.
x = ... Shape [1, 2, 3]
operator.matmul(x)
==> Shape [2, 2, 3] Tensor, equal to [x, x]

Shape compatibility

This operator acts on [batch] matrix with compatible shape. x is a batch matrix with compatible shape for matmul and solve if

operator.shape = [B1,...,Bb] + [N, N],  with b >= 0
x.shape =   [C1,...,Cc] + [N, R],
and [C1,...,Cc] broadcasts with [B1,...,Bb] to [D1,...,Dd]

Performance

If batch_shape initialization arg is None:

• operator.matmul(x) is O(1)
• operator.solve(x) is O(1)
• operator.determinant() is O(1)

If batch_shape initialization arg is provided, and static checks cannot rule out the need to broadcast:

• operator.matmul(x) is O(D1*...*Dd*N*R)
• operator.solve(x) is O(D1*...*Dd*N*R)
• operator.determinant() is O(B1*...*Bb)

Matrix property hints

This LinearOperator is initialized with boolean flags of the form is_X, for X = non_singular, self_adjoint, positive_definite, square. These have the following meaning:

• If is_X == True, callers should expect the operator to have the property X. This is a promise that should be fulfilled, but is not a runtime assert. For example, finite floating point precision may result in these promises being violated.
• If is_X == False, callers should expect the operator to not have X.
• If is_X == None (the default), callers should have no expectation either way.

__init__

View source

__init__(
    num_rows,
    batch_shape=None,
    dtype=None,
    is_non_singular=True,
    is_self_adjoint=True,
    is_positive_definite=True,
    is_square=True,
    assert_proper_shapes=False,
    name='LinearOperatorIdentity'
)

Initialize a LinearOperatorIdentity.

The LinearOperatorIdentity is initialized with arguments defining dtype and shape.

This operator is able to broadcast the leading (batch) dimensions, which sometimes requires copying data. If batch_shape is None, the operator can take arguments of any batch shape without copying. See examples.

Args:

• num_rows: Scalar non-negative integer Tensor. Number of rows in the corresponding identity matrix.
• batch_shape: Optional 1-D integer Tensor. The shape of the leading dimensions. If None, this operator has no leading dimensions.
• dtype: Data type of the matrix that this operator represents.
• is_non_singular: Expect that this operator is non-singular.
• is_self_adjoint: Expect that this operator is equal to its hermitian transpose.
• is_positive_definite: Expect that this operator is positive definite, meaning the quadratic form x^H A x has positive real part for all nonzero x. Note that we do not require the operator to be self-adjoint to be positive-definite. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-definite_matrix#Extension_for_non-symmetric_matrices
• is_square: Expect that this operator acts like square [batch] matrices.
• assert_proper_shapes: Python bool. If False, only perform static checks that initialization and method arguments have proper shape. If True, and static checks are inconclusive, add asserts to the graph.
• name: A name for this LinearOperator

Raises:

• ValueError: If num_rows is determined statically to be non-scalar, or negative.
• ValueError: If batch_shape is determined statically to not be 1-D, or negative.
• ValueError: If any of the following is not True: {is_self_adjoint, is_non_singular, is_positive_definite}.
• TypeError: If num_rows or batch_shape is ref-type (e.g. Variable).

Properties

H

Returns the adjoint of the current LinearOperator.

Given A representing this LinearOperator, return A*. Note that calling self.adjoint() and self.H are equivalent.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

LinearOperator which represents the adjoint of this LinearOperator.

batch_shape

TensorShape of batch dimensions of this LinearOperator.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns TensorShape([B1,...,Bb]), equivalent to A.shape[:-2]

Returns:

TensorShape, statically determined, may be undefined.

domain_dimension

Dimension (in the sense of vector spaces) of the domain of this operator.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns N.

Returns:

Dimension object.

dtype

The DType of Tensors handled by this LinearOperator.

graph_parents

List of graph dependencies of this LinearOperator. (deprecated)

Warning: THIS FUNCTION IS DEPRECATED. It will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: Do not call graph_parents.

is_non_singular

is_positive_definite

is_self_adjoint

is_square

Return True/False depending on if this operator is square.

range_dimension

Dimension (in the sense of vector spaces) of the range of this operator.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns M.

Returns:

Dimension object.

shape

TensorShape of this LinearOperator.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns TensorShape([B1,...,Bb, M, N]), equivalent to A.shape.

Returns:

TensorShape, statically determined, may be undefined.

tensor_rank

Rank (in the sense of tensors) of matrix corresponding to this operator.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns b + 2.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

Python integer, or None if the tensor rank is undefined.

Methods

add_to_tensor

View source

add_to_tensor(
    mat,
    name='add_to_tensor'
)

Add matrix represented by this operator to mat. Equiv to I + mat.

Args:

• mat: Tensor with same dtype and shape broadcastable to self.
• name: A name to give this Op.

Returns:

A Tensor with broadcast shape and same dtype as self.

adjoint

View source

adjoint(name='adjoint')

Returns the adjoint of the current LinearOperator.

Given A representing this LinearOperator, return A*. Note that calling self.adjoint() and self.H are equivalent.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

LinearOperator which represents the adjoint of this LinearOperator.

assert_non_singular

View source

assert_non_singular(name='assert_non_singular')

Returns an Op that asserts this operator is non singular.

This operator is considered non-singular if

ConditionNumber < max{100, range_dimension, domain_dimension} * eps,
eps := np.finfo(self.dtype.as_numpy_dtype).eps

Args:

• name: A string name to prepend to created ops.

Returns:

An Assert Op, that, when run, will raise an InvalidArgumentError if the operator is singular.

assert_positive_definite

View source

assert_positive_definite(name='assert_positive_definite')

Returns an Op that asserts this operator is positive definite.

Here, positive definite means that the quadratic form x^H A x has positive real part for all nonzero x. Note that we do not require the operator to be self-adjoint to be positive definite.

Args:

• name: A name to give this Op.

Returns:

An Assert Op, that, when run, will raise an InvalidArgumentError if the operator is not positive definite.

assert_self_adjoint

View source

assert_self_adjoint(name='assert_self_adjoint')

Returns an Op that asserts this operator is self-adjoint.

Here we check that this operator is exactly equal to its hermitian transpose.

Args:

• name: A string name to prepend to created ops.

Returns:

An Assert Op, that, when run, will raise an InvalidArgumentError if the operator is not self-adjoint.

batch_shape_tensor

View source

batch_shape_tensor(name='batch_shape_tensor')

Shape of batch dimensions of this operator, determined at runtime.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns a Tensor holding [B1,...,Bb].

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

int32 Tensor

cholesky

View source

cholesky(name='cholesky')

Returns a Cholesky factor as a LinearOperator.

Given A representing this LinearOperator, if A is positive definite self-adjoint, return L, where A = L L^T, i.e. the cholesky decomposition.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

LinearOperator which represents the lower triangular matrix in the Cholesky decomposition.

Raises:

• ValueError: When the LinearOperator is not hinted to be positive definite and self adjoint.

determinant

View source

determinant(name='det')

Determinant for every batch member.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

Tensor with shape self.batch_shape and same dtype as self.

Raises:

• NotImplementedError: If self.is_square is False.

diag_part

View source

diag_part(name='diag_part')

Efficiently get the [batch] diagonal part of this operator.

If this operator has shape [B1,...,Bb, M, N], this returns a Tensor diagonal, of shape [B1,...,Bb, min(M, N)], where diagonal[b1,...,bb, i] = self.to_dense()[b1,...,bb, i, i].

my_operator = LinearOperatorDiag([1., 2.])

# Efficiently get the diagonal
my_operator.diag_part()
==> [1., 2.]

# Equivalent, but inefficient method
tf.linalg.diag_part(my_operator.to_dense())
==> [1., 2.]

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

• diag_part: A Tensor of same dtype as self.

domain_dimension_tensor

View source

domain_dimension_tensor(name='domain_dimension_tensor')

Dimension (in the sense of vector spaces) of the domain of this operator.

Determined at runtime.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns N.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

int32 Tensor

eigvals

View source

eigvals(name='eigvals')

Returns the eigenvalues of this linear operator.

If the operator is marked as self-adjoint (via is_self_adjoint) this computation can be more efficient.

Note: This currently only supports self-adjoint operators.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

Shape [B1,...,Bb, N] Tensor of same dtype as self.

inverse

View source

inverse(name='inverse')

Returns the Inverse of this LinearOperator.

Given A representing this LinearOperator, return a LinearOperator representing A^-1.

Args:

• name: A name scope to use for ops added by this method.

Returns:

LinearOperator representing inverse of this matrix.

Raises:

• ValueError: When the LinearOperator is not hinted to be non_singular.

log_abs_determinant

View source

log_abs_determinant(name='log_abs_det')

Log absolute value of determinant for every batch member.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

Tensor with shape self.batch_shape and same dtype as self.

Raises:

• NotImplementedError: If self.is_square is False.

matmul

View source

matmul(
    x,
    adjoint=False,
    adjoint_arg=False,
    name='matmul'
)

Transform [batch] matrix x with left multiplication: x --> Ax.

# Make an operator acting like batch matrix A.  Assume A.shape = [..., M, N]
operator = LinearOperator(...)
operator.shape = [..., M, N]

X = ... # shape [..., N, R], batch matrix, R > 0.

Y = operator.matmul(X)
Y.shape
==> [..., M, R]

Y[..., :, r] = sum_j A[..., :, j] X[j, r]

Args:

• x: LinearOperator or Tensor with compatible shape and same dtype as self. See class docstring for definition of compatibility.
• adjoint: Python bool. If True, left multiply by the adjoint: A^H x.
• adjoint_arg: Python bool. If True, compute A x^H where x^H is the hermitian transpose (transposition and complex conjugation).
• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

A LinearOperator or Tensor with shape [..., M, R] and same dtype as self.

matvec

View source

matvec(
    x,
    adjoint=False,
    name='matvec'
)

Transform [batch] vector x with left multiplication: x --> Ax.

# Make an operator acting like batch matric A.  Assume A.shape = [..., M, N]
operator = LinearOperator(...)

X = ... # shape [..., N], batch vector

Y = operator.matvec(X)
Y.shape
==> [..., M]

Y[..., :] = sum_j A[..., :, j] X[..., j]

Args:

• x: Tensor with compatible shape and same dtype as self. x is treated as a [batch] vector meaning for every set of leading dimensions, the last dimension defines a vector. See class docstring for definition of compatibility.
• adjoint: Python bool. If True, left multiply by the adjoint: A^H x.
• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

A Tensor with shape [..., M] and same dtype as self.

range_dimension_tensor

View source

range_dimension_tensor(name='range_dimension_tensor')

Dimension (in the sense of vector spaces) of the range of this operator.

Determined at runtime.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns M.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

int32 Tensor

shape_tensor

View source

shape_tensor(name='shape_tensor')

Shape of this LinearOperator, determined at runtime.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns a Tensor holding [B1,...,Bb, M, N], equivalent to tf.shape(A).

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

int32 Tensor

solve

View source

solve(
    rhs,
    adjoint=False,
    adjoint_arg=False,
    name='solve'
)

Solve (exact or approx) R (batch) systems of equations: A X = rhs.

The returned Tensor will be close to an exact solution if A is well conditioned. Otherwise closeness will vary. See class docstring for details.

Examples:

# Make an operator acting like batch matrix A.  Assume A.shape = [..., M, N]
operator = LinearOperator(...)
operator.shape = [..., M, N]

# Solve R > 0 linear systems for every member of the batch.
RHS = ... # shape [..., M, R]

X = operator.solve(RHS)
# X[..., :, r] is the solution to the r'th linear system
# sum_j A[..., :, j] X[..., j, r] = RHS[..., :, r]

operator.matmul(X)
==> RHS

Args:

• rhs: Tensor with same dtype as this operator and compatible shape. rhs is treated like a [batch] matrix meaning for every set of leading dimensions, the last two dimensions defines a matrix. See class docstring for definition of compatibility.
• adjoint: Python bool. If True, solve the system involving the adjoint of this LinearOperator: A^H X = rhs.
• adjoint_arg: Python bool. If True, solve A X = rhs^H where rhs^H is the hermitian transpose (transposition and complex conjugation).
• name: A name scope to use for ops added by this method.

Returns:

Tensor with shape [...,N, R] and same dtype as rhs.

Raises:

• NotImplementedError: If self.is_non_singular or is_square is False.

solvevec

View source

solvevec(
    rhs,
    adjoint=False,
    name='solve'
)

Solve single equation with best effort: A X = rhs.

The returned Tensor will be close to an exact solution if A is well conditioned. Otherwise closeness will vary. See class docstring for details.

Examples:

# Make an operator acting like batch matrix A.  Assume A.shape = [..., M, N]
operator = LinearOperator(...)
operator.shape = [..., M, N]

# Solve one linear system for every member of the batch.
RHS = ... # shape [..., M]

X = operator.solvevec(RHS)
# X is the solution to the linear system
# sum_j A[..., :, j] X[..., j] = RHS[..., :]

operator.matvec(X)
==> RHS

Args:

• rhs: Tensor with same dtype as this operator. rhs is treated like a [batch] vector meaning for every set of leading dimensions, the last dimension defines a vector. See class docstring for definition of compatibility regarding batch dimensions.
• adjoint: Python bool. If True, solve the system involving the adjoint of this LinearOperator: A^H X = rhs.
• name: A name scope to use for ops added by this method.

Returns:

Tensor with shape [...,N] and same dtype as rhs.

Raises:

• NotImplementedError: If self.is_non_singular or is_square is False.

tensor_rank_tensor

View source

tensor_rank_tensor(name='tensor_rank_tensor')

Rank (in the sense of tensors) of matrix corresponding to this operator.

If this operator acts like the batch matrix A with A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N], then this returns b + 2.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

int32 Tensor, determined at runtime.

to_dense

View source

to_dense(name='to_dense')

Return a dense (batch) matrix representing this operator.

trace

View source

trace(name='trace')

Trace of the linear operator, equal to sum of self.diag_part().

If the operator is square, this is also the sum of the eigenvalues.

Args:

• name: A name for this Op.

Returns:

Shape [B1,...,Bb] Tensor of same dtype as self.